土壤梯度温度测定方法模拟试验研究

土壤梯度温度的测定 ,由于测定过程中造成土体结构和地面覆盖物破坏和挠动 ,都可能造成测值的偏离 ,不能反映原态土壤梯度温度的真实情况。采用插入式多温点梯级组合测温探头进行土壤梯度温度的测定 ,是一种实现土壤原态———原位测定的可行方法。     

Characteristics of tectonic deformation field about strike－slip earthquake－generating structure in the Chinese mainland

Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｆｉｅｌｄａｂｏｕｔｓｔｒｉｋｅ－ｓｌｉｐｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ－ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｍａｉｎｌａｎｄ环文林，张晓东，宋昭仪Ｗｅｎ－Ｌｉｎ...     

Play: The handmaiden of work

The natural habitat of geomorphologists is at play in the fields of the Lord. Picnics, not the work ethic, often motivate the most productive. As in the field, so too in the mind, creative insights derive from the play of ideas. As in much of science today, Earth scientists are called upon to ‘solve’ immediate problems, but problems whose solutions lie at the cutting edge of the research frontier. The impact of anthropogenic activities in the context of natural processes, the playground where many geomorphologists work, requires continuous reciprocal exchange between research and application. Apologies are not needed for choices of orientation, but only for destructive separation.     

中国地表热源的气候学特征

利用研制的地表热量平衡各分量的气候计算方法，结合全国６个热平衡站资料，计算并讨论了地表热源在全国的分布特征，分析了地面对大气加热的特点以及地表热源的参数化问题。指出季风气候背景、纬度、地形和地表湿润状况是决定地表热源特征的重要因素。就全年来说，在我国湿润、半湿润地区，潜热是地面加热大气的主要形式，西北干燥区则以感热加热为主。     

脉冲式测距仪检测与数据处理理论新探

从脉冲式测距仪的基本原理出发,提出了一种脉冲式测距仪检测的新方法,以及测距值数据预处理的新方法。     

反转构造与造山带研究

反转构造的研究已成为造山带构造研究的一个重要内容。反转构造模拟和实践所得出的断层组合形态和形成顺序有助于对造山带及前陆褶皱和逆冲带的正确认识。由于张性断层的控制作用，６０年代中期发展起来的薄壳构造模式在现实中并不普遍适用，构造剖面的平衡恢复因此亦需加倍谨慎。在造山带研究中，还需注意反转构造与走滑构造之间的区分。     

地外撞击作用与地球灾变环境

撞击理论是美国物理学家Ａｌｖａｒｅｚ等（１９８０）根据白垩系－第三系（Ｋ／Ｔ）界线粘土层中发现的贵金属元素铱的异常所提出的。十几年过去了，科学家们围绕着这一理论开展了广泛的争论和多方面的研究，取得了不少成果。到目前为止，在世界各地白垩系－第三系界线上发现的异常已有百余处。不少地方还发现了冲击变质矿物和冲击层。研究还发现显生宙来以生物的大量绝灭和地外物体的撞击具有近乎一致的周期性，大约为２６Ｍａ。最     

钠长阳起片岩用于硅酸盐水泥生产的试验研究

钠长阳起片岩用于硅酸盐水泥生产具有液相出现早、物料反应能力强、可降低烧成温度等优点，可全部或绝大部分取代粘土、助熔剂、矿化剂以及铁矿石等配料，从而收到节能降耗、稳定和提高水泥质量、保护生态环境、节约矿产资源等方面的效果。由于其组成矿物与水泥石成分相近，且具有径长比较小等特点，当用做非活性混合材时，可起到结晶中心和“加筋”等协同增强作用，掺入量可达15～30％；生产的钠长阳起片岩混合水泥具有早强性能。     

同位素技术在某核废处置场区水文地质条件研究中的应用

本文通过对研究区各类地下水化学成分、水中氢、氧稳定同位素及放射性同位素的研究，区分出浅层地下水（孔隙水）和基岩风化裂隙水。确定了地下水的补给区为排牙山区；地表水、地下水迳流的主要方向为ＳＥ向，同时存在地下水侧向迁移，并以泉的形式补给浅层水和地表水。通过氚的衰变计算及与香港观测站的资料对比，确定了区内地下水的相对年龄，并将其分为３个年龄组：（１）迳流时间最短的地下水，具近期大气降水的氚浓度；（２）相对年龄为２０年左右的浅层地下水；（３）相对年龄大于３０年的低氚水。     

GEOEssential – mainstreaming workflows from data sources to environment policy indicators with essential variables

ABSTRACT

When defining indicators on the environment, the use of existing initiatives should be a priority rather than redefining indicators each time. From an Information, Communication and Technology perspective, data interoperability and standardization are critical to improve data access and exchange as promoted by the Group on Earth Observations. GEOEssential is following an end-user driven approach by defining Essential Variables (EVs), as an intermediate value between environmental policy indicators and their appropriate data sources. From international to local scales, environmental policies and indicators are increasingly percolating down from the global to the local agendas. The scientific business processes for the generation of EVs and related indicators can be formalized in workflows specifying the necessary logical steps. To this aim, GEOEssential is developing a Virtual Laboratory the main objective of which is to instantiate conceptual workflows, which are stored in a dedicated knowledge base, generating executable workflows. To interpret and present the relevant outputs/results carried out by the different thematic workflows considered in GEOEssential (i.e. biodiversity, ecosystems, extractives, night light, and food-water-energy nexus), a Dashboard is built as a visual front-end. This is a valuable instrument to track progresses towards environmental policies.