植被变化对辽西夏季气候影响的数值试验

利用2001年6、7、8月份的资料及中尺度模式MM5V3．5对当年夏季辽西生态脆弱区进行了气候模拟性能试验，模拟出植被退化和恢复后辽西地区的温度变化。试验结果表明：在辽西部分地区植被退化后，当地夏季平均温度明显升高；在部分地区植被恢复后，当地夏季平均温度降低；在下垫面状况改变的周边地区，平均温度有一定程度的变化。同时，植被状况的改变对高空气压场和温度场也产生一定影响。     

两种反映东亚夏季风异常的指数的比较研究

本文利用文献^ [4]提出的一种新的反映东亚夏季风异常的海陆温差指数分析了夏季风异常时我国气温、降水异常以及东亚环流状况，通过分析指出，东亚夏季风偏强，则中国东部夏季气温偏高，江淮干旱，华北多雨；夏季风偏弱则夏季气温偏低，江淮多雨，易涝，华北少雨。通过两种夏季风指数的对比，海陆温差指数能更好地反映东亚夏季环流及天气气候异常。文中还指出，海陆温差指数能更好的反映夏季风异常的原因是它的定义方法更科学，更全面的反映东亚海陆热力差异，既包含了东亚纬向海陆热力差异的影响，又考虑了东亚经向海陆热力差异的因素，并用地表气温和海表温度差来表示海陆热力差，好于以往用海平面气压差来反映海陆热力差。     

黄土高原大孔径闪烁仪观测特征量T*的研究

基于黄土高原定西站2009年9月大孔L径闪烁仪(LAS)的观测数据,结合涡动相关系统(EC)和梯度塔的同步观测资料,分析了LAS和EC在测量感热通量过程中的温度特征尺度T*及其差异与近地层气象要素风向、位温梯度和稳定度等的关系.结果表明,黄土高原下垫面LAS测量的T*LAS和EC测量的T*EC有很好的相关性,相关系数达到0.955,拟合的线性趋势系数是1.482.对9月进行风向统计,主风向为NNE和SE,NNE风向上T*LAS和T*EC的相关系数是0.960,拟合的线性趋势系数是1.349,SE风向上T* LAS和T*EC的相关系数是0.968,拟合的线性趋势系数是1.619,风向对T*有显著影响.位温梯度与T*呈很好的线性相关关系,T*LAS相较于T*EC与位温梯度有更好的相关性.当稳定度z/L＜1.5时,T*LAS/T*EC随着z/L的增大雨减小;当z/L＞1.5时,T*LAS/T*EC随着z/L的增大而增大.T* LAS/T*EC的变化范围随着z/L的增大逐渐变小,当z/L增大到4后,T*LAS/T*EC开始保持较小的变化范围.     

高七井水温映震规律浅析

通过对高七井水温多年资料的整理,在总结以往震例的基础上,分析水温异常与地震预报的对应规律,对高七井水温映震效能进行初步探讨.高七井水温异常为阶跃上升型,异常形态具有继承性,水温异常对地震短临预报具有指导意义.     

Analysis of a Vortex Precipitation Event over Southwest China Using AIRS and In Situ Measurements

A strong precipitation event caused by the southwest vortex(SWV), which affected Sichuan Province and Chongqing municipality in Southwest China on 10–14 July 2012, is investigated. The SWV is examined using satellite observations from AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), in situ measurements from the SWV intensive observation campaign, and MICAPS(Marine Interactive Computer-Aided Provisioning System) data. Analysis of this precipitation process revealed that:(1)heavy rain occurred during the development phase, and cloud water content increased significantly after the dissipation of the SWV;(2) the area with low outgoing longwave radiation values from AIRS correlated well with the SWV;(3) variation of the temperature of brightness blackbody(TBB) from AIRS reflected the evolution of the SWV, and the values of TBB reduced significantly during the SWV's development; and(4) strong temperature and water vapor inversions were noted during the development of the SWV. The moisture profile displayed large vertical variation during the SWV's puissant phase,with the moisture inversion occurring at low levels. The moisture content during the receding phase was significantly reduced compared with that during the developing and puissant phases. The vertical flux of vapor divergence explained the variation of the moisture profile. These results also indicate the potential for using AIRS products in studying severe weather over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, where in situ measurements are sparse.     

ＣＬＭ３０对中国区域陆面过程的模拟试验 及评估Ⅱ：土壤湿度

利用NCAR公用陆面模式（Community Land Model 3.0,CLM3.0）及普林斯顿大学1948—2001年1°×1°、3 h一次的全球大气近地面强迫资料,对中国地区1948-2001年的土壤温度进行了off-line模拟试验,通过对模拟结果和全国台站观测土壤温度资料的对比,评估了CLM3.0对中国区域不同层次土壤温度的模拟能力。结果表明：模式能模拟出中国地区多年平均土壤温度的空间分布型,除部分地区模拟比观测偏高外,模式模拟的土壤温度普遍偏低;模式能较好地反映出中国地区土壤温度的年际变化,对4月的模拟稍好于7月。对于划分的8个子区域,东部区域模拟好于其它各区,除高原一带外,表层的模拟均好于深层;模式基本能抓住土壤温度的变化趋势,而且模拟出了7月长江流域以南地区土壤温度显著降低这一趋势,但模拟的趋势比观测有所偏弱。     

Meso‐Cenozoic Tectonothermal History of Permian Strata,Southwestern Weibei Uplift: Insights from Thermochronology and Geothermometry

This study provides an integrated interpretation for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin. Apatite fission-track and apatite/zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, bitumen reflectance, thermal conductivity of rocks, paleotemperature recovery, and basin modeling were used to restore the Meso-Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the Permian Strata. The Triassic AFT data have a pooled age of ～180±7 Ma with one age peak and P(χ2)=86%. The average value of corrected apatite(U-Th)/He age of two Permian sandstones is ～168±4 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age from the Cambrian strata is ～231±14 Ma. Bitumen reflectance and maximum paleotemperature of two Ordovician mudstones are 1.81%, 1.57% and ～210°C, ～196°C respectively. After undergoing a rapid subsidence and increasing temperature in Triassic influenced by intrusive rocks in some areas, the Permian strata experienced four cooling-uplift stages after the time when the maximum paleotemperature reached in late Jurassic:(1) A cooling stage(～163 Ma to ～140 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～132°C to ～53°C and a cooling rate of ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～1900 m and an uplift rate of ～82 m/Ma;(2) A cooling stage(～140 Ma to ～52 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～53°C to ～47°C and a cooling rate less than ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～300 m and an uplift rate of ～3 m/Ma;(3)(～52 Ma to ～8 Ma) with ～47°C to ～43°C and ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～500 m and an uplift rate of ～11 m/Ma;(3)(～8 Ma to present) with ～43°C to ～20°C and ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～650 m and an uplift rate of ～81 m/Ma. The tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Qishan area in Triassic was influenced by the interaction of the Qinling Orogeny and the Weibei Uplift, and the south Qishan area had the earliest uplift-cooling time compared to other parts within the Weibei Uplift. The early Eocene at ～52 Ma and the late Miocene at ～8 Ma, as two significant turning points after which both the rate of uplift and the rate of temperature changed rapidly, were two key time for the uplift-cooling history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin.     

用多角度遥感数据反演混合像元组分温度的可行性分析

利用多通道信息反演陆面温度的传统方法,由于通道间信息的高度相关使反演结果的精度难以提高,并且无法得到混合像元中的组分温度。文中以非同温混合像元热红外辐射方向性规律为基础,建立了连续植被类型非同温混合像元热红外辐射模型,用蒙特卡罗方法模拟分析了连续植被的组分有效比辐射率与变量的关系。结果表明:连续植被热辐射亮度值是组分温度T_v、T_s,叶面积指数LAI,叶倾角分布LAD,以及单叶面比辐射率ε_v(θ)和土壤表面比辐射率ε_v(θ)的函数。利用先验知识对变量进行分析后表明,6个变量中只有T_v、T_s、LAI、ε_v(0)需要反演。由于多角度间组分辐射亮度的相关性低,从理论上讲只需要4个角度的辐射亮度观测值就可以解出4个未知量而达到反演组分温度的目的。这4个角度数据除选择垂直方向上辐射亮度数据外,应在30°～50°视角范围内选择另外3个热辐射亮度数据。     

中国东部植被NDVI对气温和降水的时空响应(英文)

Temporal and spatial response characteristics of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature and precipitation in the whole year,spring,summer and autumn was analyzed from April 1998 to March 2008 based on the SPOT VGT-NDVI data and daily temperature and precipitation data from 205 meteorological stations in eastern China.The results indicate that as a whole,the response of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature is more pronounced than that of precipitation in eastern China.Vegetation NDVI maxi...     

滇西北构造地热特征及对地震活动的影响

温泉的水化学组分、循环路径和构造地热特征是分析活动断裂中流体耦合机制及讨论流体对地震发生影响的有效约束之一.本文通过对滇西北地区多条活动断裂附近的温泉资料进行收集, 应用硅-焓模型估算了该区域温泉的热储温度, 对温泉的出露温度、离子组分、热储温度、循环深度及同位素组成特征(δD和δ¹⁸O)等进行了分析.首先对区域内的地震进行了重定位分析, 讨论了小震震源深度与热储温度的关系, 而后分析了该区域的b值特征, 论述了以热储温度表示的区域浅层地热特征与地震活动的关系.结果表明2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震发生在浅层地温场高值区与低值区转换的地热温度梯度异常区内.