南堡1—5海上导管架批量优快钻井技术

为加快南堡1号构造的开发速度,冀东油田在南堡1—5海上导管架尝试实施了批量钻井技术。针对南堡1—5海上导管架井口间距小的特点,对井口布置、优选及轨迹设计进行了深入研究和论证,并对施工顺序、工艺作了精细安排,保证了钻井施工的顺利,提高了钻井速度。南堡1～5井组5口井平均钻井周期为16．72d,较未实施批量钻井单井钻井周期缩短30％以上。该项技术为缓解海上钻井平台紧张被动局面提供了一个行之有效的解决方案,同时为人工岛模块钻机高效利用提供了新思路。     

基于名画的数字地图设计初探

绘画艺术具有基于情感体验唤起思想的能力,名画作为绘画艺术作品具有色调丰富、对比度高及色彩和谐的特点,尝试将其应用到地图设计中有一定新意。本文简单介绍了色彩学基本原理,提出了一种基于名画的地图色彩设计方法。通过提取名画的调色板,并分析其色彩模式;结合传统的地图制图规则从构图和色彩方面进行地图设计,并进行效果对比分析。结果表明：在地图设计中,基于用户需求选用与制图区域视觉结构相似的绘画,可以更好地在地图上表现出绘画的色彩及感情特征;参考绘画的色彩模式实现地图要素与真实地物的关联,能在地图上反映出制图区域的景观色彩特征和文化精神风貌。因此,该方法对于指导地图色彩方案设计、以"用户为中心"的地图设计有一定的参考价值。     

《宝石学现代测试技术》课程建设和教学方法探讨

中国地质大学（武汉）珠宝学院为本科生开设了《宝石学现代测试技术》课程,该课程的教学目的是让学生初步掌握现代宝石学研究技术和方法,对宝石学研究的专题问题提出自己的研究方案,具备一定的科学研究分析能力,以适应社会对宝石学专业人才的需求。宝石学现代测试技术课程按照32个学时讲课和16个学时实习划分成两大教学模块。采用多样化课堂教学方法,如提问式教学、分组讨论和分组报告等;采用多层次实验教学方式,如对精贵仪器注重送样及数据分析教学,对宝石学常用谱学仪器注重测试方法和动手能力训练;采用多元化成绩评定方法,最终课程成绩由课堂分组报告、实验报告和闭卷考试三部分成绩组成。新的教学方法取得了很好的教学效果,它调动了学生的学习热情,培养了他们的综合分析能力和合作精神,并初步培养了他们的科研能力和创新精神。     

温度和盐度对刺枝鱼栖苔(Acanthophora spicifera)(红藻门, 松节藻科)生长及其几种光合色素的影响

通过正交试验研究了温度和盐度对刺枝鱼栖苔(Acanthophora spicifera)生长及其光合色素的影响, 以探明刺枝鱼栖苔生长的最适温度及盐度条件。结果表明, 刺枝鱼栖苔生长的适宜温度范围为20—30℃, 最适温度为25℃, 在此温度条件下其相对生长率(RGR)最大为4.33%; 适宜盐度范围为15—35, 最适盐度范围为20—25, 随盐度的继续升高, 刺枝鱼栖苔RGR呈下降趋势。温度和盐度对刺枝鱼栖苔光合色素(chl a、Car、PE和PC)的影响显著, 高盐胁迫能明显降低刺枝鱼栖苔光合色素的含量, 而高温能促进其藻胆蛋白的合成与积累。     

Application of failure and fracture criteria during a tanker head-on collision

In this paper a discussion of three failure criteria during a tanker collision takes place. The ‘Fracture Criterion’ developed recently [Glykas, A., Samouelides, E., Das, P.K. (1996) Energy absorption capacity of plates under lateral loading. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Los Angeles '96, Vol. IV, pp. 502–509.], deals with the amount of energy required so that arbitrary crack propagation originates from microscopic material flaws of the steel structure, in areas of high strain concentration during large deflections. This fracture criterion is applied in critical areas of a tanker bow structure during head-on collision with a vertical rigid body and its validity is examined in comparison to other two state of the art failure criteria. The penetration of the tanker vessel as well as the time to rest from the initiation of the collision are determined in relation to the failure criteria.     

Empowering learning through design: a comparative analysis of ICM course development for web-based and classroom delivery

This article reviews the development of two courses focussed on meeting Integrated Coastal Management capacity building needs: an undergraduate degree course, and a web-based distance learning course. Influential factors in the development of each course are identified and compared. Important considerations are found to be methods of quality assurance, course content, the temporal and spatial context of teaching and learning, level of learner empowerment, and the role of the teacher. It is concluded that in order to understand the role of such courses in capacity building, coastal educators need to share experiences and encourage reflection on the effectiveness of capacity building efforts.     

桶形基础及其作用下的粉质土海床失稳机制研究的试验设计

在阅读、分析以往的有关资料的基础上 ,结合实际的试验条件 ,对桶形基础及其作用下的粉质土海床失稳机制研究的试验作出了专门设计。该设计通过配土、设计模型桶基和负压沉贯的操作过程、设置孔压传感器等实验手段 ,努力从土体破坏的角度 ,寻求负压沉贯过程中沉贯负压、沉贯阻力及孔隙水压力之间的变化关系和确定桶基的上拔力。并且指出了数据处理的基本思路 ,以利于课题的深入研究。     

重力式方块码头后倾因素分析

从地基、设计、施工三个方面对重力方式方块码头后倾因素作了分析,并提出了相应建议,认为合力位置与后踵距离问题,同墙、土、地基相互作用密切相关。     

Multilevel Optimal Design of Prestressed Lightweight Concrete-Steel Platform Structures

The concrete-steel platform structure is rather complicated because it involves such materials as concrete, reinforcing bars, steel, and so on. K the traditional dimension optimization method is employed, the optimal design of the platform will meet many handicaps, even it cannot be implemented at all. The multilevel optimal design approach is an efficient tool for the solution of large-scale engineering structures. In this paper, this approach is applied to the optimal design of a concrete-steel platform, which is formulated as a system level optimal design problem and a set of uncoupled substructure level optimal design problems. The process of optimization is a process of iteration between system level and substructure level until the objective function converges. An illustrative example indicates that this method is effective in the optimal design of concrete-steel platforms.