GIS 在县级土地整治规划符号库设计中的实践

在县级土地整治规划中,ArcGIS自带符号库不能很好地表达规划信息,需建立规划专题符号库。本文介绍了基于Font Creator5．6字体编辑器和ArcGIS符号管理器制作点、线、面符号的步骤和方法。在此基础上依据TD／T 1021-2009《县级土地利用总体规划制图规范》建立专题符号库。该符号库的设计方法简单、快捷,具有实用价值。     

Arno Peters: The man and his map

Abstract

This paper shows an experiment with tactile maps designed for visually impaired persons. Tests were carried out on a tactile map produced with 3D printing and including a new type of tactile symbols, volumetric symbols (3D). These symbols are localized faster than conventional flat relief symbols, with the same error rate, an improvement in the use of these tactile devices. Moreover, following tests, differences were found between types of participants with blind participants generally carrying out the proposed tasks better than the rest of users.     

Effective Graphic Features for Multivariate Symbol Mapping

Abstract

Various patterns of cartographic multivariate symbols (MSs) have been developed to work efficiently with objective symbol mapping. One such MS pattern is composed of a graph that uses spatial data to represent statistical data. A preliminary study revealed major problems with users’ perceptions and understanding of the symbol. These problems present obstacles to the presentation objectives. We are therefore interested in studying the human factors that contribute to the visual perception of graph symbols. We predict that the graph symbols currently in use are too complex for viewers to fully understand what they are intended to represent. This research aims to study the mechanisms and behaviours of human visual perception that are necessary to understand cartography MSs and to determine a more effective prototype symbol that presents and conveys information to viewers more efficiently. The prototype design is based on a basic cartographic symbol and includes the characteristics and properties of the original patterns of graph symbols via a study of their pros and cons. Graphic structures and properties were modified to create a more effective symbol.     

基于ArcGIS的矿山资源遥感监测符号库的建立

在矿产资源开发多目标遥感调查与监测项目中,ArcGIS自带的符号库已远不能满足专业需求,须建立新的专业符号库。本文研究ArcGIS符号管理器(Style Manager)及Font Creator 5.0字体编辑器制作符号的方法。针对某矿山区域,建立了矿产资源开发多目标遥感调查与监测专题符号库,并基于ArcGIS Engine和VB.net编程方法,实现地图点、线、面要素的自动符号化显示与管理功能。     

国外地图符号表示差异研究

列举不同国家地图符号表示差异的基础上,确定从视觉变量理论的角度出发对地图符号表示差异进行研究.以色彩视觉变量为例,分析不同国家在色彩使用上的差异是由不同的文化观念造成的.在此基础上探究不同国家地图符号上的差异来源于地图设计者的空间认知能力,即认知结构上的差异.文中设计了地图符号对照表,以此建立国外地图符号与我国符号的对应关系,易于操作,直观明了.     

Visual clutter reduction in zoomable proportional point symbol maps

ABSTRACT

Proportional point symbols are commonly used in map displays. However, when such displays are zoomed out, the available map space shrinks and consequently symbols overlap and the display suffers from visual clutter. Therefore, solutions are needed to reduce visual clutter in zoomable map displays that contain proportional point symbols. The authors add to the body of knowledge through the investigation of the performance of three solutions: aggregation of unit areas, the displacement of overlapping symbols, and modified symbolization; four variations of modified symbolization are examined in detail. The original study begins with a consideration of the strengths and weaknesses of the solutions, with an emphasis on information loss. Thereafter, user sessions with 165 participants are arranged to gain empirical evidence of the performance of the solutions. The results reveal that although participants zoom out the map to zoom levels that implement visual clutter reduction techniques, they tend to zoom in the map and pan it to examine specific areas. Moreover, they willingly use the map with aggregated unit areas in cases when the solution facilitates task accomplishment. A certain amount of skepticism attaches to the solution that displaces overlapping symbols.     

可编辑复杂线状符号库的设计与实现

针对GDI+绘制复杂线状符号存在符号不可编辑与遮挡等问题,设计了一种可编辑的复杂线状符号的组织方法,该方法将复杂线状符号分解为实线、虚线和点线三种基本单元,进而设计了基于这三种基本单元的复杂线状符号参数描述方法,解决了GDI+绘制复杂线状符号存在符号不可编辑与遮挡等问题。采用C#实现了可编辑线状符号库的设计与开发,建立了1:10 000地形图符号库。最后,对本文方法与GDI+方法的绘制效率进行了比较试验。试验表明本文方法不仅解决了GDI+绘制复杂线状符号存在符号不可编辑与遮挡等问题,并且绘制效率也明显优于GDI+方法。     

基于GIS模式的数据仓专题图研究

针对基于GIS的BTEX油气化探数据仓地质专题图制作系统进行研究,分析了基于自动化制图理念的数据流,提出了系统的总体构架及基于国家标准的地质符号库,并根据油田地质成果图规范开发了BTEX油气化探数据仓数据挖掘成果图的制图模板。将该系统应用于渤中凹陷的BTEX数据综合评价图的制作,结果表明该软件具有较好的人机交互性和扩展性,在满足BTEX油气化探数据仓的处理结果专题地图的制作与成果展示的基础上,能够提高BTEX油气化探地质专题图的制图效率。     

地图中艺术性的体现

通过对地图创作中色彩、符号、图面配置艺术手段等的探讨,满足人们对地图的美观要求,更好地体现地图的艺术性。     

三维态势图符号以及表达的研究

针对三维态势图中的符号变量研究没有统一标准,以及表达方式的合理性上还没有一致的定论。文中运用地图符号学中符号设计的理论,考虑到信息化战争对战场态势图的要求,系统分析美军作战标号系统的构成规则,对我军的态势符号设计以及三维态势表达上提供几点参考建议。