Numerical prediction of low-frequency ground vibrations induced by high-speed trains at Ledsgaard, Sweden

The ground vibrations induced by a passenger train at the test site of Ledsgaard, Sweden, have been analysed and numerically simulated through a spectral element discretization of the soil. To calculate the spatial distribution of loading due to train passage, the train is decoupled from the track, and a suitable series of static forces is applied. The track and the embankment are modeled as a beam on elastic foundation, using analytical solutions for loads moving at constant velocity. The results of both 2D and 3D modelling assumptions are thoroughly discussed, in terms of prediction of track motion and of attenuation of peak ground velocity with distance.     

基于小波能量的爆破震动巷道围岩稳定性判据

目前爆破震动荷载作用下地下围岩稳定性判别主要依靠单一强度因子的独立阈值稳定性判据,这类判据多为定性分析,没有同时考虑爆破震动三要素的综合作用效果,且未建立稳定性判据与巷道围岩破坏程度之间的定量关系,在实际工程应用中存在一定的缺陷和不足。通过建立爆破荷载作用下的不同类别巷道围岩有限元模型,提取巷道围岩的响应信号,基于小波变换理论建立时间能量密度函数分析巷道围岩响应信号的时、频域特征,进而将时间能量密度曲线与时间轴围成的面积TEDI作为评估爆破震动效应的判别指标,建立了TEDI与巷道围岩损伤程度的定量关系,为进一步完善基于小波能量理论的巷道围岩损伤预警体系奠定基础。     

Experimental and analytical study on the performance of particle tuned mass dampers under seismic excitation

A particle tuned mass damper (PTMD), which is a creative integration of a traditional tuned mass damper and an efficient particle damper in the vibration control area, is proposed. This paper presents a comprehensive study that involves experimental, analytical, and computational approaches. The vibration control effects of a PTMD that is attached to a five‐story steel frame under seismic input are investigated by a series of shaking table tests. The influence of some parameters (auxiliary mass ratio, gap clearance, mass ratio of particles to the total auxiliary mass, frequency characteristics, and amplitude level of the input) is explored, and the performance of the PTMD with/without buffered material is compared. The experimental results show that the PTMD can achieve significant damping effects under seismic excitations, and the bandwidth of the suppression frequency is expanded, showing the device's robustness and control efficiency. In addition, an approximately analytical solution that is based on the concept of an equivalent single‐particle damper is presented, and the method to determine the corresponding system parameters is introduced. A comparative study between experimental and numerical results is conducted to verify the feasibility and accuracy of this analytical model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

QN control method for building vibration caused by periodic excitation acting on intermediate story

It has been proved in the authors' latest paper that the effective location of active control devices for building vibration caused by periodic excitation acting on intermediate story is the adjacent three floors to the vibration source. However, in terms of the Discrete‐Optimizing control method, the control forces are on‐line calculated step‐by‐step and time‐delay must exist. The degradation of control effect caused by time‐delay can not be avoided. In this paper, QN control method is proposed in order to resolve this practical problem. Since the external excitations which the building structure would experience are supposed to be periodic to some degree, Quasi‐Newton method is applied into the close‐loop Linear–Quadratic optimal control method and the new control method is called the ‘QN control method’. In this new control method, instead of solving the Riccati equation, the feedback gain matrix is determined by optimizing the quadratic performance index of the structure with the Quasi‐Newton method, one of the most commonly used minimization of functions. The new control law can easily be implemented for time‐delay problems, the degradation can be greatly improved with compensated feedback gain matrix. As a result, the QN control method is proved to be an efficient method to determine the feedback gain matrix. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The validity of the independence principle applied to the vortex-induced vibration of an inclined cylinder in steady flow

The validity of the independence principle applied to the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an inclined cylinder in steady flow is investigated by conducting numerical simulations. In order to create a perfect end-effect-free condition, periodic boundary condition is applied on the two end boundaries that are perpendicular to the cylinder. It is found that the response amplitude and frequency for an inclination angle of α = 45° agree well with their counterparts for α = 0°. The numerical results demonstrated the validity of the independence principle in the case of vortex-induced vibration, which has not been demonstrated by laboratory tests due to the difficulty in avoiding the end effects.     

具有球形空腔饱和土分数导数 黏弹性土的动力特性

将土骨架视为具有分数阶导数本构关系的黏弹性体,基于Biot两相饱和介质模型,建立具有球形空腔饱和分数导数黏弹性土体稳态振动的控制方程。通过引入势函数,得到球对称情形下具有球形空腔饱和分数导数黏弹性土体的位移、应力和孔隙流体压力等解析表达式。考察分数导数模型参数和饱和土参数等对土体振动特性的影响,结果表明,流体压缩性对饱和土体的动力特性有显著影响,而土骨架压缩性和流-固耦合系数的影响相对较小;分数导数阶数对土体动力特性的影响与材料参数比的取值有关。同时,边界不排水条件下饱和土体的动力响应大于排水条件下饱和土体的动力响应。     

核自适应滤波算法在地磁秒数据干扰抑制中的研究

为解决地磁台站受干扰的问题，对不同干扰源进行相应特征与频谱分析发现，多噪声源干扰并无优势频段，并且相互叠加，呈现高度非线性。针对地磁观测信号易受轨道交通噪声、仪器自身噪声、高压直流噪声和行车脉冲噪声等干扰，提出一种能根据外部环境激励而自主调节滤波参数的非线性核自适应滤波算法。通过对实际受干扰地磁信号进行处理，验证核自适应滤波具有抑制台站常见地磁噪声的特性，可为地磁干扰抑制技术提供新方法。     

地震资料宽频处理技术在天然气水合物矿体描述中的应用研究

针对天然气水合物钻探难以有效解决的矿体空间展布等难点,提出一套基于自适应鬼波压制技术的地震宽频处理技术,有效改善资料分辨率。首先采用上下行波场分离的鬼波压制技术实现对震源端和电缆端鬼波的压制;然后通过高精度网格层析反演速度建模技术获取高质量速度场,利用叠前深度偏移成像进一步提高水合物层成像精度。实践表明,相对于常规处理而言,宽频处理的水合物地震特征更清晰,细节信息更丰富,有利于天然气水合物矿体的准确描述。     

海洋平台基于隔振锥体装置的减振效应研究

针对导管架式海洋平台结构型式与特点,利用冲击隔振理论,将冰锥体与隔振技术结合起来,提出一种能有效降低冰荷载激励的"两级柔性隔振锥体"设计方案。建立了两极隔振锥体简化计算模型,确定了系统振动传递系数参数之间的关系。通过建立海洋平台有限元模型,采用有限元程序,进行了模拟冰荷载激励下的振动响应分析,并对安装隔振装置的小比例模型结构进行了冲击荷载下的减振试验。结果表明采用"两级柔性隔振锥体"能有效降低传递给海洋平台的冰力极值,减小海洋平台冰激励的响应。     

隧道掘进爆破地震峰值神经网络预报研究

结合某抽水蓄能电站尾水隧道掘进爆破地面振动监测结果,建立了基于BP神经网络隧道掘进爆破振动速度峰值的预报模型。并对铁路运输安全进行预报,与现场实际较好地吻合。将神经网络模型预报的结果与传统方法(经验公式法)预报的结果相比,前者的预报结果有明显的改善。对于指导隧道掘进爆破设计,优化爆破参数,确保安全具有重要的意义。