Dynamic stiffness of foundation embedded in layered halfspace based on wave propagation in cones

An Erratum has been published for this article in Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 33(6) 2004, 793. The dynamic stiffness of a foundation embedded in a multiple‐layered halfspace is calculated postulating one‐dimensional wave propagation in cone segments. In this strength‐of‐materials approach the sectional property of the cone segment increases in the direction of wave propagation. Reflections and refractions with waves propagating in corresponding cone segments occur at layer interfaces. Compared to rigorous procedures the novel method based on cone segments is easy to apply, provides conceptual clarity and physical insight in the wave propagation mechanisms. This method postulating one‐dimensional wave propagation in cone segments with reflections and refractions at layer interfaces is evaluated, calculating the dynamic stiffness of a foundation embedded in a multiple‐layered halfspace. For sites resting on a flexible halfspace and fixed at the base, engineering accuracy (deviation of ±20%) is achieved for all degrees of freedom with a vast parameter variation. The behaviour below the cut‐off frequency in an undamped site fixed at its base is also reliably predicted. The accuracy is, in general, better than for the method based on cone frustums, which can lead to negative damping. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速铁路桩板结构对瑞利波的被动隔震试验研究

为研究高速铁路桩板结构被动隔震效果,以减震率作为隔震性能评价指标。通过模型试验分析不同几何参数的桩板结构隔震性能,并绘制减震率等值线图以描述其隔震区域。基于试验得到以下结论：桩板结构可以有效阻隔瑞利波,增加桩长、桩径和承载板厚度,并减小埋深与桩间距,可以提高隔震性能并增大有效隔震面积。减震率增长幅度随桩长、桩径和承载板厚度增大而减小,故桩径和桩间距参数宜控制在0.33至0.67之间,桩长参数宜控制在0.40至0.80之间,且应尽可能减小埋深。当砼使用方量相同时,隔震效果从强到弱依次为：桩长、承载板厚度和桩径。     

Flexible support of a pile embedded in unsaturated soil under Rayleigh waves

Under the action of Rayleigh waves, pile head is easy to rotate with a concrete pile cap, and pure fixed-head condition is rarely achieved, which is a common phenomenon for it usually occurs on the precast piles with insufficient anchorage. In addition, the propagation characteristics of Rayleigh wave have been changed significantly due to the existence of capillary pressure and the coupling between phases in unsaturated soil, which significantly affects the pile-soil interaction. In order to study the above problems, a coupled vibration model of unsaturated soil–pile system subjected to Rayleigh waves is established on the basis that the pile cap is equivalent to a rigid mass block. Meanwhile, the soil constitution is simplified to linear-elastic and small deformations are assumed to occur during the vibration phase of soil–pile system. Then, the horizontal dynamic response of a homogeneous free-field unsaturated soil caused by propagating Rayleigh waves is obtained by using operator decomposition theory and variable separation method. The dynamic equilibrium equation of a pile is established by using the dynamic Winkler model and the Timoshenko beam theory, and the analytical solutions of the horizontal displacement, rotation angle, bending moment and shear force of pile body are derived according to the boundary conditions of flexible constraint of pile top. Based on the present solutions, the rationality of the proposed model is verified by comparing with the previous research results. Through parametric study, the influence of rotational stiffness and yield bending moment of pile top on the horizontal dynamic characteristics of Rayleigh waves induced pile is investigated in detailed. The analysis results can be utilized for the seismic design of pile foundation under Rayleigh waves.     

Modified sliding‐mode bang–bang control for seismically excited linear structures

Recently, sliding‐mode control (SMC) methods have been investigated for application to seismically excited civil engineering structures and have proved to be effective control strategic methods. On the other hand, although another class of well‐known optimal control laws, the so‐called ‘bang–bang’ control, has been investigated for several decades, their potential in civil engineering structural control has not been fully exploited. The purpose of this paper is to present a new control law for civil engineering structures, which is the sliding‐mode bang–bang control (SMBBC). The SMBBC method is a combination of the SMC and the bang–bang control. In consideration of actuators not suitable for high‐speed switching of control forces in the SMBBC in practice, modified sliding‐mode bang–bang control (MSMBBC) law is proposed and demonstrated to be able to provide the same control effects as the SMBBC case. Condition modified sliding‐mode bang–bang control (CMSMBBC) law is also investigated in this paper. In the CMSMBBC case, actuators act only when response quantities exceed some designated threshold values. The determination method of maximum control‐forces for actuators is investigated through example computation. The performance and robustness of the proposed control methods are all demonstrated by numerical simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented methods are viable and an attractive control strategy for application to seismically excited linear structures. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Approximate Method for Calculation of Fluid Force and Response of A Circular Cylinder at Lock-in

In this paper, equations calculating lift force of a rigid circular cylinder at lock-in in uniform flow are deduced in detail. Besides, equations calculating the lift force on a long flexible circular cylinder at lock-in are deduced based on mode analysis of a multi-degree freedom system. The simplified forms of these equations are also given. Furthemore, an approximate method to predict the forces and response of rigid circular cylinders and long flexible circular cylinders at lock-in is introduced in the case of low mass-damping ratio. A method to eliminate one deficiency of these equations is introduced. Comparison with experimental results shows the effectiveness of this approximate method.     

基于尾流振子模型的海底管跨动力特性研究

以海底细长柔性管跨结构为研究对象,分析了当管外流体流经管道时产生涡激振动的动力学特性及其相关影响参数。为了考察海底管跨的振动响应,将尾流振子模型与管跨的振动方程相结合,得到了流固耦合系统的振动响应分别由两个变量为管跨位移和尾流举升力的偏微分方程描述。使用van der Pol非线性振子模拟作用在管跨上的振动尾流,通过实例的计算与分析,确定几个重要参数对管跨振动响应的影响程度。     

结构损伤线性及非线性特征谱模式识别及应用

利用时间序列动态数据处理与建模对结构有损状态进行线性和非线性过程处理,用这两种方法对结构的物理状态进行谱分析和模态频率的提取进行了比较,计算结果表明非线性 Ｓ Ｅ Ｔ Ａ Ｒ 模型在特征谱的识别与提取上比线性 Ａ Ｒ Ｍ Ａ Ｘ 模型更有效,对微小损伤更灵敏。说明了在参数识别中非线性 Ｓ Ｅ Ｔ Ａ Ｒ 模型对物体损伤情况下振动数据建模较为客观,更能反映振动体系的损伤信息,是损伤识别数学模型有效的方法。     

大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥在多维多点地震激励作用下的平稳随机响应

采用虚拟激励法计算了大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥在纵向、竖向、横向、三维多点激励作用下的均方响应,在此基础上探讨了各方向激励及三维激励的多点输入效应对钢管混凝土拱桥地震响应特性的影响。结果表明纵向和竖向激励的多点输入效应对结构响应有明显影响,而横向激励的多点输入效应可忽略。     

地震-列车移动荷载耦合作用下高铁路基振动特性研究

基于轨道结构-路基-地基动力相互作用理论,建立考虑地震-列车移动荷载耦合输入的轨道结构-路基-地基动力学模型,研究高速铁路路基及轨道在耦合荷载作用下的振动响应问题.通过编制DLOAD子程序并与ABAQUS有限元计算程序联立,实现地震荷载与列车移动荷载耦合作用的施加,以高速铁路桩承式路基及自由式路基为研究对象,对地震-列...     

一种基于统计的边缘阈值检验新方法

提出了建立在统计分析的基础上边缘阈值检验方法,每个像素的阈值由像素所处的梯度矢量的统计特性决定,这些梯度矢量的统计量用来确定边缘像素选取是否合理,从所获得的结果来看,该方法与以往的边缘检测方法不仅是一致的;而且,该方法输入参数值产生的结果比其它几种边缘检测方法更稳定。