不同浸没长度下串列双立管涡激振动数值模拟

深海柔性立管涡激振动问题广受关注,其中多立管涡激振动较传统单立管涡激振动更为复杂。使用基于Open FOAM自主开发的深海柔性立管流固耦合求解器viv-FOAM-SJTU,对阶梯流中串列双立管涡激振动展开研究。首先针对阶梯流中串列双立管模型试验工况开展验证计算,下游立管的位移响应以及频率响应与试验结果基本吻合;而后改变立管浸没长度,分别选取浸没长度为0.4L(工况1)、0.55L(工况2)以及0.7L(工况3)的三种工况进行数值计算,其中L为立管长度。数值结果表明:3种浸没长度下,上下游立管的横流向振动均为一阶模态,且工况2和工况3中上下游立管的横流向位移均方根均大于工况1;上下游立管的顺流向主振模态在工况2和工况3中均为二阶,而在工况1中为一阶,且下游立管在工况2和工况3中的顺流向振动均表现出明显的多模态振动特性。     

Rocking vibrations of rigid foundations on multi-layered poroelastic media

Abstract

This paper presents rocking vibrations of a rigid foundation resting on a multi-layered poroelastic half-space. The foundation is assumed to be rigid and massless, and subjected to a time–harmonic moment. In addition, each layer of the multi-layered half-space is governed by Biot’s theory of poroelastodynamics. The contact surface between the foundation and the layered half-space is smooth, and either fully permeable or impermeable. This dynamic interaction problem is studied by employing a discretization technique and an exact stiffness matrix scheme. Comparisons with existing solutions on rocking vibrations of rigid foundations on elastic and poroelastic media are shown to verify the accuracy of the present scheme. Selected numerical results on rocking compliances of rigid foundations of various shapes and mudmat foundations are presented. In addition, a dynamic interaction problem involving closely spaced foundations under rocking vibrations is also presented to demonstrate the applicability of the present solution scheme.     

VIV trajectories of an elastically mounted sphere

In this paper, vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of an elastically mounted sphere with two linear degrees of freedom have been experimentally studied. The dynamic response analysis shows that, for the range of reduced velocity from 2 to 14 here investigated, the sphere exhibits similar amplitudes and frequencies compared to the tethered sphere, and Modes I and II are detected. A new application of the phase average approach allowed extrapolating the periodic trajectory pattern from the experimental trajectories. In particular, more than one dominant harmonic component is observed in the streamwise oscillation, so the sphere trajectories are significantly different from the traditional figure-of-eight shape. The main difference is that these trajectories are not self-intersecting. Based on the experimental observations, an analytical model of the trajectory is built and discussed.     

钢悬链式立管出平面运动刚体模态试验研究

钢悬链式立管为深海浮式生产系统油气输送的首选立管。基于钢悬链式立管刚体摆动模型,通过理论分析和模型试验,研究了钢悬链式立管出平面运动的动力学特性,验证了作者此前提出的钢悬链式立管出平面运动的刚体模态特征。研究表明,在海洋环境荷载作用下,波浪力和涡激升力引起的悬链式立管振动不仅有弯曲变形模态,也存在刚体摆动模态。对于钢悬链式立管,刚体摆动将使触地区产生附加弯矩,从而增大了应力、加速了疲劳损伤。     

Parameters determination for a linearly inhomogeneous half-space using characteristics of the time-harmonic surface waves

The paper presents a study of time-harmonic surface waves in a linearly inhomogeneous half-space. The study is based on the solution of that problem for an arbitrary (from 0 to 1/2) value of Poisson's ratio. Vertical vibrations due to a vertical harmonic force, which at large distances from the force represent Rayleigh-type waves, and transverse horizontal vibrations due to a horizontal force, which at large distances form waves of Love's type, are considered in detail. Material damping is taken into consideration. Inhomogeneity significantly affects relationships connecting wave characteristics and the frequency of vibration, and it is shown in the paper how this fact can be used for determining material properties (surface shear modulus, degree of inhomogeneity, damping ratio) with the help of experimental results concerning wave propagation over the surface of the half-space. It is shown that for forced waves the relationship between the wave phase angle and distance can significantly differ from a straight line, i.e. the wave number varies with distance. Therefore, it is desirable to relate experimental and theoretical results to such parts of wave propagation line, which correspond to same phase angle intervals. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic response control of frame structures using magnetorheological/electrorheological dampers

Semi‐active control of buildings and structures for earthquake hazard mitigation represents a relatively new research area. Two optimal displacement control strategies for semi‐active control of seismic response of frame structures using magnetorheological (MR) dampers or electrorheological (ER) dampers are proposed in this study. The efficacy of these displacement control strategies is compared with the optimal force control strategy. The stiffness of brace system supporting the smart damper is also taken into consideration. An extensive parameter study is carried out to find the optimal parameters of MR or ER fluids, by which the maximum reduction of seismic response may be achieved, and to assess the effects of earthquake intensity and brace stiffness on damper performance. The work on example buildings showed that the installation of the smart dampers with proper parameters and proper control strategy could significantly reduce seismic responses of structures, and the performance of the smart damper is better than that of the common brace or the passive devices. The optimal parameters of the damper and the proper control strategy could be identified through a parameter study. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tuned liquid dampers for controlling earthquake response of structures

Numerical simulations of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structure, rigidly supporting a tuned liquid damper (TLD) and subjected to both real and artificially generated earthquake ground motions, show that a properly designed TLD can significantly reduce the structure's response to these motions. The TLD is a rigid, rectangular tank with shallow water in it. Its fundamental linear sloshing frequency is tuned to the structure's natural frequency. The TLD is more effective in reducing structural response as the ground excitation level increases. This is because it then dissipates more energy due to sloshing and wave breaking. A larger water‐depth to tank‐length ratio than previous studies suggested, which still falls within the constraint of shallow water theory, is shown to be more suitable for excitation levels expected in strong earthquake motions. A larger water‐mass to structure‐mass ratio is shown to be required for a TLD to remain equally effective as structural damping increases. Furthermore, the reduction in response is seen to be fairly insensitive to the bandwidth of the ground motion but is dependent on the structure's natural frequency relative to the significant ground frequencies. Finally, a practical approach is suggested for the design of a TLD to control earthquake response. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Empirical formula for fundamental vibration periods of reinforced concrete buildings in Taiwan

More than 30 buildings around Taiwan have been selected to monitor the floor responses under seismic excitation. The structural array monitoring system in each building controls at most 27 channels of accelerometers distributed in several floors. Those buildings were triggered by many events during the past five years of operation. In each building, the records at the basement can be considered as the ground excitation, and the others at the upper floors are the structural responses. The frequency transfer functions of those buildings can be identified by ARX models, and then the fundamental vibration periods are estimated. The identified fundamental vibration periods using different events are compared in order to ensure the reliability of system identification. An empirical formula in predicting the fundamental vibration period is presented through the regression analysis to the identified fundamental vibration periods of 21 reinforced concrete (RC) moment‐resisting frame (MRF) buildings. It is found that the height of a building plays an important role in predicting the fundamental vibration period, compared with the length, width, and time after completion of the building. It is also found that the RC MRF buildings in Taiwan tend to be stiffer than those in the U.S. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二维地基中空沟−波阻板联合隔振屏障分析

针对地基隔振控制,提出了一类新型的空沟?波阻板联合隔振屏障,并对其隔振性能进行了数值分析。首先,利用复伸展坐标变换,在频域内建立了完全匹配层（perfect matched layer, PML）吸收边界的控制方程;其次,利用Galerkin近似技术,给出了以位移为基本未知量的二阶非分裂格式PML的频域有限元计算列式;最后,通过数值算例分析了空沟?波阻板联合隔振屏障的物性参数（地基与波阻板的模量比）、几何参数（空沟深度、波阻板深度）以及载荷参数（振动波频率）等对其隔振性能的影响规律。结果表明,空沟?波阻板联合隔振屏障结合了空沟和波阻板各自的优势,可以有效地控制不同频率振源引起的地基振动。     

A study of ice response spectra

Some problems concerning the ice forces and ice response spectra are studied from both theoretical and practical points of view. On the basis of structural analysis,the analysis method of ice response spectra is proposed, since it plays an important role in the prediction of maximum structural response in cold regions. And it is illustrated that it is easy to study the structural response to ice using the ice response spectra.