苏州市供水管网信息系统的开发及其关键技术

从开发的角度阐述了苏州市供水管网信息系统的设计原则，设计特点和开发手段，并着重介绍了系统的组织结构，功能及其关键技术。     

年调节平原型水库与地下水联合调蓄分析

本文以辽河石佛寺水库为例,介绍了年调节平原型水库与地下水联合调蓄的模拟分析方法,提出了为满足沈阳市城市供水,辽河应需保证的最少径流量。根据辽河石佛寺水文站的实测资料分析,辽河在枯水季节1～2月份径流量存在一定的风险,因此本文通过模糊带权马尔可夫链方法预测了未来19年1～2月份的径流量状态,并对其可靠性进行了分析,从而为水库地表水与地下水联合调蓄的供水规模及其运行方式提供了科学依据。     

黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀链垂直带水沙流空间分布

采用多坡段组合模型、人工模拟降雨实验研究了土壤侵蚀链垂直带水沙流空间分布变化特征。结果表明:愈向下坡方向的坡段产流量愈大,单位面积、单位时间的产流量按坡段排列为:谷坡>梁峁坡下部>梁峁坡中部>梁峁坡上部。雨强为29.7mm/h时,坡面上没有沟蚀发育;雨强为60.5mm/h时,细沟主要分布在梁峁坡下部和谷坡处;雨强为90 2mm/h时,各种侵蚀形态在坡面均有较好发育,细沟的出现部位一直伸展到梁峁坡中部和上部之间。由于上坡来水来沙的作用,梁峁坡的产沙量增大了20.2%～63.5%,谷坡的产沙量增大了42.9%～74.5%。     

国家资源环境安全的要素综合评价

资源环境安全问题始终是世界各国持续发展的核心任务和基本诉求。考虑到单要素和整体两大分析方法的不足，提出一种针对性很强的要素综合分析方法。根据世界上10个人口超过 1亿以上国家的抽样分析表明，土地、水资源、矿产及生态环境的整体状态是决定国家资源环境安全的基本所在。与此同时，为了改善国家，特别是发展中国家的 资源环境脆弱状态和提高其稳定程度，第一是要严格控制人口增长；第二是努力推进本国资源环境开发的国际化进程；第三是增大智力投入以提高资源深度化加工；第四是加大本国生态环境保护力度。     

加强乡镇供水工作的研究与探讨

本文从不同的角度对乡镇供水工作的投资、建设、管理等方面进行了论述,特别是乡镇供水的市场机制建设和发展方向的论述,对乡镇供水产业的发展起一定的推动作用.     

Patterns of sediment slug translation and dispersion following typhoon‐induced disturbance,Oyabu Creek,Kyushu, Japan

A six‐year monitoring programme characterized the migration/dispersion patterns of sediment slugs generated following typhoon‐induced disturbances in 1993 and 1997 along a single‐thread gravel‐bed stream, Oyabu Creek, on Kyushu Island, Japan. This laterally con?ned creek comprises rif?e–pool sequences with intervening bedrock outcrops. The passage of sediment pulses associated with sediment slug processes re?ected, and was controlled by, the rif?e–pool structures which provided channel bed roughness, the volume of sediment stored along valley ?oors, and the distribution of bedrock outcrops. Changes to bed material size following major sediment inputs during the disturbance events also exerted an in?uence on subsequent sediment slug processes. The sequence of rainfall events, together with changes to channel bed structure, induced different phases in the sediment slug processes. The capacity of a reach to store or trap sediment, as recorded by the longitudinal structure of the channel, varied during these differing phases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下水空调技术与应用

本文以季节性的舒适性空调为对象，较详细地介绍了地下水人调供冷的基本原理，特点、供冷负荷的计算方法，地下水风机盘管空调系统的布置、测试与维护管理，实用效果以及地下水空调技术的应用前景。     

京津唐地区水资源大系统供水规划和调度优化的递阶模型

应用大系统递阶分析的原理和方法,针对京津唐地区水资源大系统供水规划和调度问题,建立了京津唐地区水资源大系统供水规划和调度优化三级递阶模型和三层递阶模拟模型.提出模拟技术和优化方法相结合的求解方法,并应用该模型对2000、2020水平年近40个组合方案进行运算,对其中较好的20个方案运用所建立的京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统进行多目标综合评价和按优排序,并提出了具体建议.     

Volcán Ecuador,Galapágos Islands: erosion as a possible mechanism for the generation of steep-sided basaltic volcanoes

Volcán Ecuador (0°02′S, 91°35′W) consists of two strongly contrasting components: the eroded and vegetated remnant of a once-circular main volcano with a probable caldera, and a prominent rift zone extending to the northeast that is neither strongly eroded nor weathered. There are about 20 young-looking flows and vents on this caldera floor but only one on the higher remnant of the main volcano. The southwest half of the main volcano is faulted into the ocean. The main part of Volcán Ecuador possesses steep erosional slopes (average 30–40°) that cut into a sequence of flows that dip radially outward at <10°. In contrast, the northeast rift zone consists entirely of young flows and vents. The upper 10 km of the rift zone forms a peninsula about 7.5 km wide that connects Volcán Ecuador to Volcán Wolf. The rift zone bends to the southeast and the lower 8 km is tangential to the coast of Volcán Wolf. The rift zone axis dips away from the northeast edge of the main volcano, and its flanks slope roughly northwest and southeast at <4°. The rift zone is the Galápagos structure that most closely resembles a Hawaiian rift zone because it is constructed of lavas from subparallel linear vents, shows evidence of a deep feeder conduit, and has changed its direction to avoid a direct intersection with neighboring Volcán Wolf. The steep erosional slopes extending around the perimeter of the main volcano (except to the southwest where slumping occurred) were probably generated by marine erosion during a prolonged period of eruptive inactivity (perhaps 20 000–30 000 years). Only a few post-erosional eruptions have taken place at the main volcano in and near what was once the caldera. The entire rift zone postdates the period of prolonged erosion. Using the evidence for prolonged inactivity at Volcán Ecuador, we propose that erosion may have helped to produce steep slopes on the other western Galápagos volcanoes. On these more active volcanoes, however, numerous subsequent eruptions have completely mantled the erosional slopes with lava. The mechanism by which the volcanoes may shut off for long periods of time is unknown, but the fact that the Galápagos hotspot is presently supplying nine active volcanoes suggests that the magma supply at an individual volcano could vary greatly over periods of (tens of?) thousands of years.