福建沿海地区水资源紧缺问题及其解决途径

本文针对福建沿海地区存在的水资源紧问题,通过对福沿海地区水资源数量,供需平衡的分析探讨了水资源紧缺问题存在的主要原因,并结合水资源利用的现状特征,进一步深入评述了现状利用中存在的问题,最后从可持续利用水资源的角度出发,重点讨论解决途径。     

粤港澳大湾区港口供应链优化研究

为充分发挥粤港澳大湾区港口的竞争优势,促进港口经济的协调发展,文章基于粤港澳大湾区主要港口的实际情况,构建供应链博弈模型并进行数值仿真,研究相关因素对深圳港和香港港绩效的影响。研究结果表明:随着商品价格和库存成本的提高,货物从深圳港向香港港转移,但转移幅度逐渐趋缓;深圳港在中低端商品的货源收集方面具有明显的竞争优势,而香港港对高端商品的吸引力更强;货运结构逐渐向中高端商品过渡对于提高港口收益具有促进作用,其中深圳港应通过降低商品库存成本而降低经营风险;深中通道和港珠澳大桥通车有效缩短腹地运输时间,对于绝大部分商品价格和库存成本组合都将提高粤港澳大湾区港口的总收益。     

广东湛江南美白对虾价值链实证研究

文章采用实地调研法对广东湛江2018—2019年南美白对虾价值链的价值活动、增值结构及其形成原因进行深入剖析。研究发现:①在湛江南美白对虾价值链的育苗、养殖、批发和零售等环节中,养殖环节增值贡献率最高,为50.5%,利润分配最低仅25.6%;零售环节增值率低,仅为31.1%,利润比例分配却最高,高达51.8%;②造成养殖户投入高、收益低的原因包括养殖成本高、苗种质量不稳定、养殖户组织化程度低、议价能力差等。鉴于以上原因,建议：实行集约化和规模化养殖;加强种苗研发,提高种苗质量;大力发展专业合作社,提高养殖户议价能力;调节对虾价值链的利润合理分配,以促进渔民增收和产业健康发展。     

一种海洋混合层深度的智能识别方法研究

文章提出了一种识别混合层深度的人工智能方法。该方法在温度(密度)与压强(或深度)间建立线性模型, 并且将其系数和方差做成一组表征廓线特征的统计量。初始时为模型设定一个主观的先验分布, 在一个自海表向下移动的窗口内通过贝叶斯链式法则和最小描述长度原理学习新数据, 得到系数均值的最大后验概率估计。用F-检验识别系数发生突变的位置, 以此确定混合层的存在性及其深度。通过2017年2月太平洋海域的地转海洋学实时观测阵(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography, ARGO)数据进行测试, 并且以质量因子(Quality Index, QI)值作为判断识别混合层深度结果准确性的依据, 发现该方法相比于梯度法、阈值法、混合法、相对变化法、最大角度法和最优线性插值法在识别结果上具备更大的QI值。表明该方法能够准确识别混合层深度。     

钙质土中重力串锚水平承载力特性有限元研究

目前没有规范给出串锚的水平承载力计算公式,为了利用有限元法研究串锚水平承载力特性,采用相关理论计算以及室内试验的方法来验证有限元法模拟计算的可靠性。实践证明,有限元法具有较高的计算精度。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了串锚-土体模型,模拟串锚在水平荷载作用下破坏过程,研究了串锚在水平荷载作用下破坏机理,从而得到了串锚水平承载力特性。在相同的工况条件下,串锚的水平承载力与其锚链长度有关,在一定范围内,增加锚链的长度可以提高串锚的水平承载力;串锚的水平承载力不是相应的单个锚的水平承载力相加,其水平承载力小于相应的单个锚水平承载力之和,在进行串锚水平承载力设计计算时应给与相应的考虑。     

4种酞酸酯在龙须菜-篮子鱼食物链中的积累放大研究

在模拟受控条件下,利用气相色谱方法研究分析了4种酞酸酯类化合物在龙须菜(Gracilaria lemane-iformis)-篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)食物链中的积累、分布和放大状况。结果表明,4种酞酸酯在龙须菜组织内的积累表现为:邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)>邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)>邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)>邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)。侧链最长的DEHP在龙须菜藻体内的含量随暴露时间的延长呈增加的趋势,30 d体内积累量可达2.35 mg/kg(鲜质量);侧链最短的DMP在龙须菜藻体内的质量比随时间变化差异不显著,约为0.05 mg/kg;在30 d的暴露中,4种酞酸酯DMP,DEP,DBP和DEHP在篮子鱼体内总质量比分别为0.08,0.41,1.72,3.11 mg/kg。其中DBP和DEHP在鱼内脏组织中有较高的积累和分布,分别为1.14 mg/kg和1.83 mg/kg,其次为鱼残体组织,肌肉组织中含量最低。DEHP和DBP在龙须菜和篮子鱼体不同组织中均有一定程度的富集(生物富集系数FBC均大于1)。其中DEHP和DBP在内脏组织中的FBC值分别高达9.16和5.68,在龙须菜-篮子鱼这个简单食物链传递中DEHP和DBP在篮子鱼内脏组织中存在放大现象。     

Reliability of mooring lines and piles for a permanently manned vessel in a tropical cyclone environment

The factors of safety for stationkeeping systems in current standards (ISO, API) are not derived or validated using reliability analyses. As the oil and gas exploration and production is breaking new boundaries, deploying new floating systems and moving into regions with harsher environments, it is of paramount importance to understand what level of reliability these new marine structures are achieving. This paper presents a reliability analysis of the mooring system of a Floating LNG (FLNG) vessel permanently moored and permanently manned offshore North West Australia in a tropical cyclone environment. The reliability analysis addresses both the mooring chain and the pile foundation. The analysis accounts for the long term characteristics of the environment, including the short term variability, in response to a given sea state and the variability and uncertainty in strength of the mooring chain and the pile. The stationkeeping system was analysed using detailed time domain simulations, capturing system non-linearities and low frequency oscillations as well as wave frequency responses and, thereby, reducing modelling uncertainties to a minimum.It is found that for the conditions modelled, neither the chain nor the pile meet a target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum using the factors of safety commonly used in design following current ISO and API standards. New factors of safety are proposed to achieve this target reliability. For the pile design, one complicating factor is that current design standards do not explicitly define the exceedance probability that should be associated with the characteristic value of the undrained shear strength to be used in the design. It is demonstrated that the required factor of safety is crucially dependent on the definition of this characteristic value and on the level and the type of uncertainty in the soil strength profile. A recommendation is made regarding the definition of this characteristic value and the associated factor of safety. Furthermore, it is found that designing the mooring system to an environmental condition with a return period of 10,000 yr (as an Abnormal Limit State event), and setting the factor of safety to unity, meets the target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum for the pile, if the characteristic undrained shear strength is a lower bound, defined in this paper by the 10th percentile value. For the chain however, this target reliability is not achieved.     

Late Pleistocene–Holocene seismic stratigraphy of Nha Trang shelf,central Vietnam

The late Pleistocene–Holocene stratigraphic architecture on the steep and narrow shelf off Nha Trang, central Vietnam has been explored by high resolution seismic profiles integrated with sediment core data. Sequence stratigraphic results reveal five major seismic units and three bounding surfaces which are composed of two distinctive sequences. Those sequences are bounded by two regional unconformities (SB1, SB2) which have been formed in respond to different sea-level regimes. The revealed relict beach–ridge deposits at water depth of about ∼130 m below the present water depth indicate that the Last Glacial Lowstand (LGM) sea-level in this area was lower than in neighboring areas and it probably resulted from subsidence due to high sedimentation rate and/or neotectonic movements of the East Vietnam Fault System. The late Pleistocene high amplitude of sea-level change during a long fourth-order and superimposed by shorter fifth-order cycle is the principal factor in reorganizing the formation of the Nha Trang continental shelf sequence. Other local controlling factors as fluctuations in sediment supply, morphological variations of the LGM surface, subsidence rate and hydrodynamic conditions provided the distinctive features of the Nha Trang shelf sequence stratigraphic model in comparison with neighboring other areas.     

菲律宾海北部四国海盆全新世沉积物源分析

对IODP333航次四国海盆北部地区C0011站位表层样品进行粒度和Sr-Nd同位素分析,并与前人发表的邻近海域同位素数据进行比较。经分离自生碳酸盐组分,四国海盆全新世沉积物呈现较好的陆源、火山源二端元组分特征。从地理位置看,四国海盆北部主要物质来源包括伊豆-小笠原海脊火山物质、日本列岛西南部的混合型沉积物以及由西向风或河流入海洋流输送而来的亚洲陆地沉积物,且日本列岛西南部对于该区域物质贡献最大。对四国海盆北部而言,与海盆中部沉积及日本海沉积相比,源自亚洲大陆的碎屑沉积物具有更多的贡献。沉积物中87Sr/86Sr与εNd、平均粒径的负相关关系反映了沉积物中陆源物质的相对贡献按时间顺序呈现增加、减小、增加、减少的多周期变化趋势。     

应用实时定量PCR技术检测秦皇岛近岸海域褐潮原因种——抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)

Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms.