中国石墨供应风险评价

石墨是战略性矿产,是支撑未来战略性新兴产业发展的重要资源。通过收集石墨储、产、消、贸、价等方面的数据资料,构建了资源安全、贸易安全和市场安全三维供应风险评价体系,通过计算资源保障程度、自给率、进口份额占比、进口国家风险、进口国家集中度、进口价格波动指数、价格波动指数7个指标对石墨资源供应风险进行评价,结果显示市场安全对石墨供应风险影响最大。建议建立大鳞片石墨资源储备制度,实施石墨出口配额制度,以石墨烯技术辐射带动整个石墨产业,打破石墨提纯及深加工技术垄断,引领中国石墨产业发展,促进中国由石墨资源大国向石墨资源强国迈进。     

Petrochemical constraints on the models of Cretaceous-Eocene tectonic evolution of the Eastern Pontic chain (Turkey)

Sixteen selected samples from the Upper Cretaceous volcanic belt of the Eastern Pontids have been analysed for major elements, Rb, Sr and Zr. On the basis of the K₂O versus SiO₂ distribution, two groups of rocks have been distinguished, one with calc-alkaline affinity and a second group with shoshonitic character. The calc-alkaline rocks have porphyritic texture with clinopyroxene, plagioclase and orthopyroxene as phenocryst and in the groundmass. The orthopyroxene is lacking in the shoshonites where plagioclase, clinopyroxene and, in the more evolved terms, amphibole and biotite are the main phenocryst minerals. The shoshonitic rocks have higher $\text{K}{}_2\text{O}\text{Na}{}_2\text{O}$ ratio, K₂O, P₂O₅ and Rb, contents with respect to the calc-alkaline samples. The TiO₂ content is invariably low, never exceeding approximately 1%. The occurrence of volcanic rocks ranging in composition from calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in the Upper Cretaceous volcanic belt of the Eastern Pontids suggests that the Upper Cretaceous volcanic cycle reached its mature stage before the onset of the Eocene calc-alkaline volcanism which is believed to be neither genetically nor tectonically related with the Upper Cretaceous volcanism.     

Identification of sources of chemical constituents in groundwater from the Vilnius wellfields, Lithuania

The only source of drinking water in Vilnius City, Lithuania's capital, is groundwater. It can be supplied from 20 wellfields situated in the City or its environs. About half of them (11) are located in the valley of the Neris River crossing the City. The exploited aquifers were formed by melting continental glaciers and modified by the river. Until 1990 groundwater resources had not been conserved—the per capita consumption for domestic use in Vilnius reached 350 l/day. After 1990, due to the increasing cost of supplying drinking water, its consumption was reduced by a factor of three. As pumping rates of wellfields in Vilnius were increased or decreased, the groundwater quality was changed significantly. It is mainly affected by the surface water and shallow aquifers of the hydrologic system. The unoxidised organic matter that enters the exploitable aquifers from rivers and polluted shallow groundwater consumes scarce oxygen resources, thus creating anoxic conditions favourable for increasing the accumulation of iron, manganese and ammonium. Modelling and monitoring data show that the concentrations of sulphates and chlorides in Vilnius wellfields indicate not only the rise of brackish water from below, but also downward seepage of polluted surface water into the aquifers.     

聊城市水资源可持续利用中存在的问题及对策浅析

聊城市属于资源性缺水地区,为实现以有限的水资源支持和保障经济社会的持续稳定发展,必须作好水资源可持续利用这篇大文章.本文分析了聊城市水资源特点及利用中存在的问题,并就实现水资源可持续利用应采取的工程与非工程措施进行了研究和探讨.     

测定地下水补给温度与降雨量的最新方法--惰性气体法

地下水补给温度与降雨量是重要的水文地质参数,已有的测定方法大多只能给出其相对变化.本文介绍的惰性气体法能同时求得地下水补给温度与降雨量的值,其基本原理是:利用地下水中惰性气体的平衡溶解量计算出地下水补给温度;在得到地下水补给温度的基础上,利用地下水中惰性气体的"过剩空气"量计算出降雨量.该方法主要适用于封闭条件下的深层地下水.     

全球锑原材料贸易格局演化分析

随着中国锑矿产量下降以及全球新能源领域对锑需求量的增加, 全球锑原材料供需格局正在改变。对全球锑原材料贸易格局的现状及演化过程开展分析, 有助于世界各国构建弹性的锑原材料供应链。本文基于物质流与复杂网络分析方法, 定量刻画了四类锑原材料(锑矿石、锑金属、锑初级加工品、再生锑)的全球贸易格局(2002—2020年), 分析了典型国家(地区)的锑原材料贸易结构及贸易地位变化特征, 总结了贸易格局的演化规律。研究发现: (1)锑初级加工品是全球最主要的贸易品种, 其贸易量占全球锑原材料总贸易量的一半以上; (2)中国和美国分别是贸易地位排名前两位的国家, 印度、欧盟、韩国是贸易地位上升最快三个国家(地区); (3)欧盟锑金属的进口来源呈现明显的多元化趋势, 显著降低了对中国的进口依赖, 表明欧盟近些年实施的关键原材料多元化进口战略取得了显著成效; (4)中国在全球锑原材料供应格局中的绝对优势地位在下降, 与此同时, 全球锑原材料贸易格局正朝着更加多元的方向发展。     

锡石的晶体结构和形态的关系

本文对不同成因类型的锡石晶体形态进行了研究,并从PBC(周期性键链)理论出发,讨论了锡石晶体形态与晶体结构的关系。笔者认为,锡石晶体具有三种F面,即s{111}、e{101}、m{110},与Hartman对同样结构类型的金红石晶面性质划分有所差异。据锡石晶面结构性质所推导的理想晶体形态图,与晶体测量所得到的天然晶体形态图总体上相吻合。     

例解供销在企业发展中的地位

通过产品供销中两个案例的分析,提出了新的产品供销理念,以及现代企业产品供销原则。指出产品供销和售后服务、用户信息及产品应用中信息的捕捉是新产品研发、产品质量提高的重要依据,从而强调了产品供销在企业发展中的作用与地位。     

运用H、O同位素资料分析地下热水的补给来源——以鲁西北阳谷-齐河凸起为例

通过对阳谷-齐河凸起地下热水的化学成分、同位素及其地热地质条件的分析,对这一地区的地下热水的补给来源进行了研究。本区地下热水的δD为-65‰～-80.67‰,δ18O为-9.2‰～-10.2‰,均分布在全球雨水线的附近,说明该区地下热水主要为大气降水成因。济南北地热田地下热水的补给高程为256m,此范围大致相当于济南南部山区及其以南的泰山北麓;聊城东地热田地下热水的补给高程为411m,此范围大致相当于泰山山脉及其周边的中山区。聊城东地热田地下热水的2H过量参数d明显低于济南北地热田,说明聊城东地热田地下热水的补给区比后者更远。     

傍河地下水水源地污染模式研究

傍河取水是常见的地下水供水形式之一,但水源地的水质常常受到河流污染物的威胁。近年来,随着区域地下水位的下降和开采条件的变化,河水补给地下水的形式也趋于多样化,从而影响着污染物的迁移。本文通过对河水与地下水的各种关系的分析,给出了河水污染地下水的各种模式,并综合得出其数学模型及其解,最后用实例说明其应用过程。