太阳暗条活动的周期性研究

运用法国巴黎默东天文台记录的暗条目录资料构造了一个时间精度为每天的暗条数目序列,选用Scargle周期图和Morlet小波变换两种周期方法研究了这个序列的周期性,发现其存在4个显著的周期,它们分别是1557天、1141天、795天和367天,详细分析了这些周期的时变特征,并简单讨论了其中个别典型周期的相位、物理机制和相互关系．     

GPS定轨中的太阳辐射压模型

对于GPS这样的高轨卫星轨道的确定,最大的误差源为太阳辐射压摄动．近年来IGS各个数据处理中心提供的GPS星历精度越来越高,其中很重要的一个因素就是太阳辐射压摄动模型的不断完善．详细阐述了目前主要的7种太阳辐射压摄动模型后,给出了各种光压摄动模型的计算模型,并利用不同的摄动模型积分卫星轨道,得到不同模型在GPS卫星轨道积分中的精度．结果表明,Bern大学提供的3种模型对太阳辐射压的模拟较为准确,相对于其他4种模型,由其得到的GPS轨道精度有将近一个量级的提高．     

微波Ⅲ型爆发的观测特征

统计分析了国家天文台2．6-3．8 GHz高时间分辨率射电动态频谱仪在23周峰年期间(1998．4—2003．1)观测到的266个III型爆发．对这些事件的频率漂移、持续时间、偏振、带宽、开始和结束频率做了详细分析．开始和结束频率的统计分析表明,开始频率在一个非常大的范围,从小于2．6 GHz到大于3．8 GHz,而结束频率的截止区相对集中,从2．82-3．76 G．Hz．这些现象说明,电子加速的高度相当分散,在观测频率范围内具有正、负漂移率的III型爆发数基本相等,这可能意味着被加速的向上和向下传播的电子束在2．6—3．8 GHz范围有相同的比例．统计结果表明,微波III型爆发的辐射机制主要是等离子体辐射和电子回旋脉泽辐射过程．     

太阳耀斑亮核和硬X射线环顶源运动的初步分析

分析了2个耀斑事件。这2个耀斑事件都具有双带结构，并伴有耀斑环顶部位置的硬X射线（HXR）辐射，这个辐射源我们称为环顶源。在文章中，通过求亮度重心的方法，我们对耀斑双带的相对运动，以及HXR环顶源的高度变化进行了分析。结果表明：耀斑相偶亮核间距离的时间曲线，与HXR亮度曲线具有相反的相关性，亮核间距离在HXR流量上升阶段会减少；与此同时，HXR环顶源的高度会下降。而通常的相偶亮核的分离运动以及环顶源的上升运动发生在极大相之后。     

成都近十年大气稳定度综合研究

按新颁国家标准ＧＢ／Ｔ－１３２０１－９１中规定的稳定度分类法，统计了成都近十年的大气稳定度频率，研究了其分布特点和变化规律，并探讨了变化原因。对新标准中的日夜分界及δ取值法提出了相应的建议和简化意见     

Fast Calculation of Integration of Bremsstrahlung Radiation from Electrons with Power-law Distribution

Since the SSW (Solar Soft Ware) has been developed to the version 2, in comparison with the version 1 the performance of the integration calculation of the Bremsstrahlung radiation caused by high-energy electrons is improved. On the basis of the version 2 of SSW, we have made further improvement on the integration calculation. The comparison between a few schemes of Bremsstrahlung integration shows that our final scheme is faster than the version 2 for 2∼5 times. Compared with the version 1 and version 2 of SSW, the integration accuracy has been also improved a lot, even under the default control accuracy there will be no spikes appearing in photon spectra. In addition, the time consumption of integration is no longer sensitive to the upper limit of the integration. The improvement of the integration performance enables the accurate Bremsstrahlung cross-section be used to calculate the Bremsstrahlung integration. Compared with the result of approximate Bremsstrahlung cross-section, the result of accurate Bremsstrahlung cross-section gives a little smaller photon flux (≤4%), and the integration time increases about 30%.     

Measurement of Aureole and Suppression of Internal Stray Light of Aureole Photometer

A modern aureole photometer (AP) was developed for the site survey inWest China, in preparation for the installation of future large solar equipments. The performance of this new AP was tested in preliminary observations, and a lot of sky brightness data were accumulated at a few sites in Yunnan Province. The result of data analysis shows that the aureole near the noon time on Jiaozi Snow Mountain is as low as a few millionths of the intensity at the solar disk center, indicating the low internal stray light level of our instrument. The internal stray light of the AP comes mainly from two parts: the edge diffraction of the ferrule for fixing the ND4 filter in the front end of the telescope tube, causing the stray light distributed in the inner region of the field of view, and the edge diffractions of the diaphragms placed inside the telescope tube, causing the stray light distributed in the outer region of the field of view. In order to suppress the stray light of the latter part, the experiment to change the aperture size of an additional diaphragm was performed. The result shows that the stray light in the outer region of the field of view can be effectively suppressed by reducing properly the aperture size of the diaphragm.     

太阳对SMOS卫星海表亮温偏差年际变化的影响

利用欧洲空间局发布的土壤湿度和盐度卫星最新版本V5.04及V5.05的2010年5月至2012年4月的L1C级亮温数据,分析了其2维视场中存在的亮温偏差和年际变化。亮温偏差在视场中的分布不均匀并随季节变化。其年际变化超过1 K。太阳及其尾迹在视场中的位置随季节变化并对该卫星测量的亮温产生影响,是亮温偏差年际变化的主要来源。另外,太阳高度角的季节性变化会使该卫星天线的物理温度产生季节性变化,并通过天线模型使其测量亮温产生季节性偏差。     

A comparison between above-water surface and subsurface spectral reflectances collected over inland waters

The objective of the research was to undertake a quantitative comparison of spectral-reflectance measurements made slightly above the surface of water bodies with the measurements made slightly below the surface. The study is focused on three rivers; two in Georgia, USA and one in Japan. As expected, the differences in reflectance are not constant and vary with the wavelength. The contribution of surface-reflection effects to the surface reflectance measured slightly above the water is both pronounced and highly variable, but although they do alter the magnitude of the upwelling signal, they do not change the general shape of the spectral profiles. The correction of surface-reflection effects by assuming a proportionality factor (ρ) is not considered to be efficient for inland fresh water bodies. For in situ spectroscopy, the recommended approach is to measure upwelling radiance slightly below the water's surface as a means of minimizing extraneous noise. Researchers should be aware of the potential for diminishing the validity of findings because of measurement errors.     

Chikyû Bankoku Sankai Yochi Zenzu Setsu: The First Japanese World Map with Latitudes and Longitudes and with an Extensive Japanese Explanatory Note

In the early 1780s, Nagakubo Sekisui, the first Japanese scientific geographer, published a world map containing latitudes and longitudes, based on Matteo Ricci's map of 1602. The map and its extensive explanatory text had a considerable impact on the educated classes of the late Edo Period (1603–1868) toward their new vision of the world. We are providing here an analysis of the map and the first complete English translation of Nagakubo Sekisui's most interesting, long explanatory text.