济南市平阴县大孙庄地区地热氡泉形成机理探析

济南市平阴县玫瑰镇大孙庄已发现两眼地热氡泉井,地热流体中氡含量高达332.6～625.7Bq/L,属于稀缺的天然理疗热矿水资源。采用土壤面积测氡、土壤剖面测氡、可控源音频大地电磁法（CSAMT）测量、水氡测试等方法,研究其形成机理。通过分析氡的物源条件、空间条件、动力条件,结合地热田的地质条件、水文地质条件、构造条件、水化学特征,建立了大孙庄地热氡泉形成机理模型,为在具有类似地质背景条件的地区勘查开发地热氡泉提供借鉴。     

基于地质–工程条件约束的可控冲击波煤层致裂行为数值分析

可控冲击波（CSW）岩层致裂技术作为岩层改造领域的一项变革性技术,已在煤层改造等方面取得显著应用效果,并在煤炭安全开采领域开展应用探索。然而,受实验及现场监测条件限制,前期对地质-工程因素约束下的CWS岩层致裂基本规律理解不足,制约了对致裂机理的探索及现场作业参数的优化。鉴于此,在阐述CSW煤层改造及其面临的工程科学问题基础上,采用基于连续介质力学的离散元方法（CDEM）开展数值模拟,以进一步揭示地应力、煤岩力学性质、冲击波加载条件约束下的CSW煤层致裂行为及其基本规律。结果显示,CSW加载条件对致裂效果的影响存在最优范围,过度加载会导致近井地带煤体崩解,煤粉产出率增加,造成煤储层伤害;同时,煤体破碎导致波阻抗及冲击波衰减速度增大,限制有效改造半径扩展;地应力增大,破裂半径、破裂度存在临界值,水平主应力差对CSW冲击裂隙形态、扩展方位及缝网连通程度存在显著影响。研究揭示,CSW煤岩致裂效果对力学性质的响应存在选择性:弹性模量与破裂半径、破裂度之间存在拐点临界值;黏聚力增大,煤岩脆性变小,致裂效果变差;抗拉强度似乎对CSW致裂效果没有明显影响。研究成果可为CSW作业煤层优选及参数优化措施提供参考。      

龙滩库区2017年4月20-21日降水过程人工增雨条件分析

利用Micaps常规资料、欧洲再分析资料及地面自动气象观测站数据,分析2017年4月20～21日河池市天峨县龙滩库区降水过程的人工增雨作业实施条件。结果表明:春季,当有南支槽、切变线及地面冷空气等系统配合时,能够为降雨提供充足的水汽及较好的动力抬升条件;作业点上空大气层结不稳定,中低层水汽含量丰富,利于对流云团发展和维持;云系垂直累积液态水含量在0.1mm以上,云顶温度在-45℃～-25℃之间,具备冷云增雨条件,实施增雨作业是合理的。     

Studies of Metallic and Trace Minerals of the Tiegelongnan Cu‐Au Deposit,Central Tibet,China

Electron probe micro-analysis(EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) have been used to investigate the principal ore minerals and coexisting metallic mineral inclusions in polished thin sections from the Tiegelongnan deposit, which consists of a high-sulfidation epithermal system(HSES) and a porphyry system(PS). Molybdenite,chalcopyrite, bornite, tennantite, enargite, digenite, anilite, covellite, and tetrahedrite have been identified by EPMA. Intergrowth, cross-cutting and replacement relationships between the metallic minerals suggest that molybdenite formed first(stage 1),followed by chalcopyrite ± bornite ± hematite(stage 2),then bornite ± Cu-sulfides ± Cu-Fe-sulfoarsenides(stage 3),and lastly Cu-Fe-sulfoarsenides ±Cu-sulfides(stage 4). Pyrite is developed throughout all the stages. Droplet-like inclusions of Au-Te minerals commonly occur in tennantite but not in the other major sulfides(molybdenite, chalcopyrite and bornite),implying that tennantite is the most important Au telluride carrier. The pervasive binary equilibrium phases of calaverite and altaite constrain f_(Te2) in the range from ～-6.5 to ～-8 and f_(S2)-11.The intergrowth of bornite and chalcopyrite and the conversion from bornite to digenite suggest fluctuated and relatively low precipitation temperature conditions in the HSES relative to the PS.Contrastingly, the dominance of chalcopyrite in the PS, with minor bornite, suggests relatively high temperature conditions. These new results are important for further understanding the mineral formation processes superimposed by HSES and PS systems.     

Carbon Geochemistry of Gas Hydrate‐associated Sediments in the Southwestern Taiwan Basin

Marine gas hydrates, one of the largest methane reservoirs on Earth, may greatly affect the deep sea sedimentary environment and biogeochemistry; however, the carbon geochemistry in gas hydrate-bearing sediments is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the carbon variables in sediment core 973-3 from the southwestern Taiwan Basin in the South China Sea to understand the effect of environmental factors and archaeal communities on carbon geochemistry. The carbon profiles suggest the methanogenesis with the incerase of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) and high total organic carbon(TOC)(mean = 0.46%) originated from terrigenous organic matter(mean δ~(13)C_(TOC) value of-23.6‰) driven by the abundant methanogen ‘Methanosaeta and Methanomicrobiales'. The active anaerobic oxidation of methane is characterized by the increase of DIC and inorganic carbon(IC), and the depleted δ~(13)C_(IC), coupled with the increase of TOC and the decrease of δ~(13)C_(TOC) values owing to the methanotroph ‘Methanosarcinales/ANME' in 430–840 cm. Environmental factors and archaeal communities in core 973-3 are significantly correlated to carbon variables owing to methane production and oxidation. Our results indicate that the carbon geochemical characteristics are obviously responding to the formation and decomposition of gas hydrates. Furthermore, pH, Eh and grain size, and Methanosaeta greatly affect the carbon geochemistry in gas hydrate-associated sediments.     

中上扬子地区震旦纪末期古海洋环境研究的若干问题

本文通过调研大量文献,系统梳理了前人关于中上扬子地区震旦纪灯影期古海洋环境特征的研究方法和主要认识,特别是关于古海水的氧化还原条件、古温度和古盐度等3个要素。结果表明,震旦纪灯影组沉积时期,中上扬子地区的古海洋是一个水深较浅、并逐渐趋于氧化的浅海水体环境;古海水温度为7.0 ℃～38.6 ℃,且在灯影组晚期升高,主要为亚热带气候;海水盐度较新元古代早期有降低的趋势,但仍为海相环境,且灯影组二段和灯影组四段时期盐度相对更大。震旦纪灯影组沉积时期的古海洋环境在地质演化历史中具有重要的时空意义,能够为解释当时地球的气候条件和生物演化等方面的重大变化提供依据。现阶段研究中的问题包括：1）缺乏同时期古海洋氧化还原环境的区域对比;2）古海水绝对深度的研究十分薄弱;3）缺乏古海水盐度的直接指示依据。建议开展高分辨率古环境指示参数垂向序列和多剖面横向对比的研究,尝试定量分析氧气浓度随古海水绝对深度的变化规律,探索指示古海水盐度的直接依据。     

河北蔡家营铅锌多金属矿地电化学提取有效性及提取条件试验

通过干旱-半干旱风成砂覆盖区蔡家营铅锌多金属矿315勘探线上地电化学有效性及条件性试验发现：在该景观区及矿床条件下,地电化学测量较常规土壤测量异常显示效果更佳,具有更大的勘查适用性。在测量条件方面：①随电提取时间的增加,Pb、Zn等主成矿元素异常显示效果有变好的趋势,埋藏更深的矿体上方逐步出现较明显的地电化学元素异常,但Cd、Cu等元素在不同的提取时间条件下均可取得较为一致的提取效果;②使用人工外电场和在提取极土壤中添加井水等提取液可保证地电化学测量获得较好的异常显示效果,是电提取过程的必要条件。     

Petrology of metamorphic rocks from the Atbashy complex,Southern Tien-Shan,Kyrgyzstan

The high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Atbashy complex were petrologically investigated. The eclogites of the Choloktor Formation show a prograde evolution from epidote-blueschist facies(P = 17-21 kbar and T = 450-515 ℃) to peak eclogite-UHP conditions(P = 26-29 kbar and T = 545-615 ℃) with a subsequent epidote-amphibolite and greenschist facies overprint. The micaschists of the Choloktor Formation also show a clockwise P-T path from blueschist/epidote-blueschist facies conditions through peak eclogite facies conditions(P = 21-23 kbar and T = 530-580 ℃) to retrograde epidote-amphibolite and greenschist facies stages. A comparison of the P-T paths in the eclogites and mica-schists of Choloktor Formation reveal that they may have shared their P-T history from peak to retrograde stages. The mica-schists of the Atbashy Formation record peak metamorphism of P = 10-12 kbar and T = 515-565 ℃, which indicates that the highest grade of regional metamorphism in the Atbashy Ridge was epidote-amphibolite facies.The newly obtained P-T conditions for the mica-schists of Choloktor Formation indicate that sheets of sedimentary rocks were brought to great depths along the subduction zone and they metamorphosed under eclogite facies HP conditions. The eclogite blocks were amalgamated with mica-schists of Choloktor Formation in the eclogite facies HP conditions and together they experienced isothermal decompression to ～40 km. During this path, the eclogites and mica-schists of Choloktor Formation docked with mica-schists of Atbashy Formation at 10-12 kbar and 515-565 ℃, and from this depth(～40 km) the whole sequence was exhumed together. These new results improve our understanding of high-pressure metamorphism in subduction-related accretionary prism zones and the exhumation processes of deeply-seated rocks in the Atbashy HP-UHP complex.     

兰州市城区地热地质条件及资源开发潜力分析

兰州市城区地处民和—兰州坳陷盆地东端的中生代断陷盆地内。盆地中因沉积巨厚碎屑岩,加之受多期地质构造运动改造,断裂构造发育,为地热水的形成创造了条件。经勘探证实,兰州城区属中低温(60~90 ℃)沉积盆地型地热资源,分布范围受盆地南、北2条深大断裂控制,面积约530 km²。按照地质构造单元,分3个区块对地热资源潜力进行了评价,东部城区、中部城区和西部城区地热田产能分别为17.91 MW、117.46 MW和23.49 MW,达到中—大型地热田规模,显示出良好的开发利用前景。     

基于Python实现地理国情房屋建筑专题信息提取

房屋建筑是地理国情普查的重要要素之一。在实际生产工作中,由于高分辨率遥感影像受成像条件影响大以及人眼认知的局限,很难通过目视解译准确判读房屋建筑的边界、层高和密度等属性。此外,地理国情普查工作量大,重复性工作多,给地理国情普查工作带来一定困难。针对以上问题,以Arc GIS和Python为开发和应用环境,从现势性较好的1∶2 000地形图上批量提取房屋建筑专题数据,服务于地理国情普查工作。