湖南邵阳—郴州北西向断裂左旋走滑暨水口山—香花岭南北向构造成因

湖南大义山断裂属邵阳—郴州NW向断裂的南东段,该断裂南、北两侧发育水口山—香花岭南北向构造带。根据构造变形特征并结合区域构造背景和构造演化分析,确定大义山断裂中新生代至少经历了3次构造活动,从早至晚依次为印支期左旋走滑、燕山期右旋走滑和喜山期(?)左旋走滑。对SN向构造与区域NNE向构造的时代与相互作用关系进行了深入分析,并提出SN向构造成因新认识:由于大义山NW向断裂和香花岭—阳明山NW向断裂在印支运动中产生基底左旋走滑,走滑所派生的近EW向挤压应力场以及走滑所产生的牵引作用,使区域NNE向构造线产生逆时针旋转而形成SN向构造。进一步分析认为,印支期可能为湘东主要NW向断裂在中生代活动最强烈的时期,多条NW向断裂的左旋走滑,可能是雪峰山弧形构造和祁阳“山”字型构造的形成机制之一。     

Seismic anisotropy of the crust in Yunnan, China： Polarizations of fast shear-waves

Introduction Anisotropy of the crust is a common phenomenon(Crampin,1984).Shear-wave splitting can be used to study the earthquake anisotropic characteristic in crust,to analyze crustal stress field condition,and to describe the static and the dynamic state of the related anisotropic parameters(GAO et al,1999).Shear-wave splitting is quite sensitive to anisotropy.The domestic scholars applied shear-wave splitting to studying the crustal anisotropy(YAO et al,1992;GAO and FENG,1990).The st…     

瞬变电磁勘查方法在依力矿区中的应用

依力矿区以往勘查资料很少,通过瞬变电磁测深方法勘查确定的断层,与钻探资料确定的断层,在位置基本上吻合,但方向上有一定的差异。只有物探与钻探相结合,才能使勘查成果质量有很大提高。     

Vertical Displacements in the Nový Kostel Seismoactive Area

Since 1994 annual campaigns of precise levelling have been performed on the network established in the surroundings of Nový Kostel. The network covers the most dynamic part of the West Bohemia seismoactive region with a total of 70 points in 1999. The measurements are connected to a reference point of the national levelling system and to our GPS-gravity network. It was proved by the error and confidence level of the data that small displacements of three and more millimetres can be recognised. The data analysis showed that all points could be divided into several groups according to temporal changes of height. Mutual comparison of these changes enabled to detect both general and very local short-term movements. It appeared that, in general, the involved part of the mountain block is subsiding relative to the Cheb basin. This is in contradiction to the recent uplift of the Kruné hory Mts. The correlation between vertical displacements and earthquake swarms was examined with the conclusion that during a swarm period the movements have special homogeneous pattern, contrary to inter-periods. The division line of different displacements (a fault zone) for the swarms 1994 and 1997 was determined.     

河西走廊西段及邻区主要断裂（一）-晚新生代逆断层与走滑断层的地震剖面解释

基于地震剖面解释的构造分析表明，河西走廊西段及邻区发育有许多晚第三纪-第四纪的逆断层与走滑断层. 其主要类型有两种:一是与北祁连逆冲推覆作用有关的南倾逆断层，其走向北西，主要分布于北祁连山东北缘及河西走廊西南部地区；二是与阿尔金断裂活动有关的逆断层与走滑断层，主要分布于红柳峡、宽台山——合黎山地区. 这些断层与新生代始新世末期以来印-藏碰撞的远距离效应有关. 它们于晚第三纪开始活动，主要活动于第四纪时期，而且大多目前仍在活动，属于活动性断层，是河西走廊地区地震的潜发因素. 此外，它们还造成了地层的强烈变形，形成了一系列的地貌阶地和河流的水平错移.      

基岩地震动的一个相干函数模型-走滑断层情形h

目前研究地震动空间变化的主要方法是利用密集台阵（如SMART1台阵等）的强震观测记录进行统计分析，由于地震动观测资料的不足，因而缺少基岩及不同场地类别地震动相干函数模型. 本文利用数值方法了模拟理论地震图，进而研究采用震源位错模型的基岩随机地震动的空间变化规律，并考虑震源破裂速度、子源个数、震源深度和介质传播速度等因素的影响. 其具体思路为:首先对应于每个样本，用有限差分数值模拟方法计算弹性半空间近场地震动场，而后对所有样本的计算结果进行统计，给出了一个走滑断层情形下的近场基岩表面及沿基岩竖直方向水平分量地震动的相干函数模型.      

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址区F201和F7(8)断层的活动性

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址区位于青藏高原中卫-同心活动断裂带内F7(8)和F3断层所夹持的寒武系变质砂岩夹千枚岩推覆岩片中。对F201、F7(8)断层活动性的认识是坝址稳定性评价的关键，也是争议的焦点。通过对大柳树坝址区F201、F7(8)断层带特征的追索观测、工程揭露和断层泥测年，获得F201、F7(8)断层活动特征的新资料，证实了F201断层是一条晚更新世晚期和全新世以来强烈活动的区域发震断层，同时确定了7(8)断层水平左旋走滑作用的存在；发现断层通过之处二级阶地堆积物的震陷槽；获得了小于20ka断层泥测年数据，尤其是确定了7(8)断层与F201断层的交会地点。因此，按水电规范，F201和F7(8)断层被定为活动断层。     

Active faulting and natural hazards in Armenia, eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran

Active fault zones of Armenia, SE Turkey and NW Iran present a diverse set of interrelated natural hazards. Three regional case studies in this cross-border zone are examined to show how earthquakes interact with other hazards to increase the risk of natural disaster. In northern Armenia, a combination of several natural and man-made phenomena (earthquakes, landslides and unstable dams with toxic wastes) along the Pambak-Sevan-Sunik fault (PSSF) zone lowers from 0.4 to 0.2–0.3g the maximum permissible level (MPL) of seismic hazard that may induce disastrous destruction and loss of life in the adjacent Vanadzor depression.

In the Ararat depression, a large active fault-bounded pull-apart basin at the junction of borders of Armenia, Turkey, Iran and Azerbaijan, an earthquake in 1840 was accompanied by an eruption of Ararat Volcano, lahars, landslides, floods, soil subsidence and liquefaction. The case study demonstrates that natural hazards that are secondary with respect to earthquakes may considerably increase the damage and the casualties and increase the risk associated with the seismic impact.

The North Tabriz–Gailatu fault system poses a high seismic hazard to the border areas of NW Iran, eastern Turkey, Nakhichevan (Azerbaijan) and southern Armenia. Right-lateral strike–slip motions along the North Tabriz fault have given rise to strong earthquakes, which threaten the city of Tabriz with its population of 1.2 million.

The examples illustrate how the concentration of natural hazards in active fault zones increases the risk associated with strong earthquakes in Armenia, eastern Turkey and NW Iran. This generally occurs across the junctions of international borders. Hence, the transboundary character of active faults requires transboundary cooperation in the study and mitigation of the natural risk.     

Active faults in the Zagros and central Iran

Active tectonic movements in the northwestern Zagros include right lateral slip at the rate of about 10 mm/a along the Main Recent Fault, which inherits the position of the Main Thrust, now inactive, and active thrusting and accompanying folding distributed between several zones southwest of the Main Recent Fault. In the southeastern Zagros (the Fars Province), there are several right lateral faults that extend N–S obliquely to the overall trend of the Zagros fault-and-fold belt. These may be either branches of the Main Recent Fault, or faults accommodating relative broadening of the outer Zagros in its southeastern segment. The Main Thrust in the southeastern Zagros also remains inactive.

The Ipak, North Tehran, and Mosha fault zones and several minor structures in the eastern Alborz form the E–W-trending active fault system with combined reverse and left lateral slip. On the Ipak and Mosha zones, lateral movements with the late Quaternary mean rate exceeding 1 mm/a dominate over vertical fault movements. Together with right lateral faults stretching northeast of Zagros, the faults of the Alborz may accommodate east-directed motion of the Iranian microplate.     

The Liuchiu Hsu island offshore SW Taiwan: tectonic versus diapiric anticline development and comparisons with onshore structures

A structural and microtectonic analysis performed in the Liuchiu Hsu island demonstrates that its Plio-Pleistocene tectonic evolution was dominated by alternating NW–SE shortening and local radial extension caused by mud diapirism. Previous models based on seismic data considering both the formation of the Liuchiu Hsu island and the fold development in SW Taiwan as mainly driven by mud diapirism, fail to account for both the asymmetry of the west vergent thrust-related anticlines onshore and the elongated character of the ridges formed by diapir alignments offshore, which rather argue in favour of a tectonic origin. To cite this article: O. Lacombe et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).