Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China

China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.     

Transport and Housing Security in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

This paper explores links between transport and housing security issues for the urban poor using the example of the Klang Valley in Malaysia. The interface between these issues is identified as a gap in the literature, including policy debates, on both housing and transport. A number of linkages are shown to be important and likely to be relevant in many cities of the South, especially those with rapid motorisation and large numbers of "squatters". A simple framework for understanding these linkages is presented. Key examples include displacement to make way for transport infrastructure and the impact on transport problems for the poor of policies affecting the location of urban poor housing, including relocation sites and transit accommodation. The case study of the Klang Valley is used to illustrate and test the relevance of a focus on this issue and the utility of the conceptual framework. Some policy implications of the investigation and case study are suggested.     

新疆入境旅游市场竞争态分析

提出旅游业市场竞争态模型，运用此模型可以定量分析、对比旅游市场的现实竞争状态，在此基础上，进行市场研究，确定本地区在旅游高超中的地位，明确现在和未来市场竞争的优势和劣势，为地区旅游业发展规划提供参考依据。应用这一模型，分析了新疆入境旅游的客源市场竞争态及省内各地区目的地市场竞争态。     

经济全球化与国家能源安全

经济全球化进程的加快对国家经济安全提出了挑战。其中能源安全问题引起我国的关注。伴随着我国经济的快速增长和人民生活水平的提高，我国对能源的依赖程度不断提高。加强能源安全已成为21世纪中国经济社会可持续发展的重要问题之一。     

锦江水库坝址③号断裂构造破碎带地质特征及其对堤坝安全性的影响

通过野外地质调查和地球化学探测成果，结合区域地质发展史，论述锦江水库③号断裂构造破碎带的地质特征及其对建筑物的影响。     

自重固结与土层的固结状态初探

介绍了沉积厚度与时问平方根和沉积厚度与时间呈直线关系、底面不排水时沉积过程中固结的Gibson理论解答以及不考虑沉积时固结作用、底面不排水时沉积后自重固结的Terzaphi理论解答，据此分析了上述两种沉积模式不同沉积速率时目前仍处于沉积过程的土层的固结状态，求算出了停止沉积后土层固结所需的最长时问，指出业已停止沉积数百年以上的土层一般不应处于欠固结状态。     

地裂缝灾害研究现状与展望

1927年美国首先发现地裂缝以来，各国学者对地裂缝的发生、发展进行了细致的研究。美国学者首先从地震研究入手，认为地裂缝的形成受构造因素影响。后逐渐加强研究地下水超采对地裂缝的影响，形成了构造与地下水开采复合成因观点。我国学者重点对汾渭地堑地裂缝成因问题进行了较系统的研究，提出几种成因机理模型，并用GIS技术建立简单的预测预报系统。文章在详细介绍国内、外对地裂缝成因机理和水文特性的研究以及预测、预报工作的同时，对今后研究趋势进行了展望。目前，地裂缝的研究正从以往的定性静态描述转向以过程为目标的精确定量动力学研究。利用相似材料模拟地裂缝的形成与发展，以非线性理论（如分形）对地裂缝系统进行定量的数学描述，建立准确的预测、预报模型（如人工神经网络模型），并与GIS相结合，建立完善的预测、预报系统，减少地裂缝灾害对环境的影响，进而对它加以利用，是今后地裂缝研究的主要方向。     

A critical state interpretation for the cyclic liquefaction resistance of silty sands

Contrary to many laboratory investigations, common empirical correlations from in situ tests consider that the increase in the percentage of fines leads to an increase of the cyclic liquefaction resistance of sands. This paper draws upon the integrated Critical State Soil Mechanics framework in order to study this seemingly not univocal effect. Firstly the effect of fines on the Critical State Line (CSL) is studied through a statistical analysis of a large data set of published monotonic triaxial tests. The results show that increasing the content of non-plastic fines practically leads to a clockwise rotation of the CSL in (e–ln p) space. The implication of this effect on cyclic liquefaction resistance is subsequently evaluated with the aid of a properly calibrated critical state elasto-plastic constitutive model, as well as a large number of published experimental results and in situ empirical correlations. Both sets of data show clearly that a fines content, less than about 30% by weight, may prove beneficial at relatively small effective stresses (p₀<50–70 kPa), such as the in situ stresses prevailing in most liquefaction case studies, and detrimental at larger confining stresses, i.e. the stresses usually considered in laboratory tests. To the extent of these findings, a correction factor is proposed for the practical evaluation of liquefaction resistance in terms of the fines content and the mean effective confining stress.     

多因素复杂系统最佳因素权重确定的一种新思路——以深港西部通道工程深圳湾公路大桥为例

为了客观地反映各因素对目标问题的影响程度,本文首次提出了最佳因素权重概念。定义最佳因素权重为研究区域内系统质量处于极限状态时的各因素权重之组合。结合深港西部通道工程深圳湾公路大桥桥址比选方案,详细说明了本方法的研究思路及其确定方法。通过最佳因素权重方法,能客观地、定量地确定出多因素复杂系统中的最优场址。     

重塑非饱和粘土抗剪强度参数与饱和度的关系研究

土的饱和度是基于水分状态和密度状态的一个衍生变量。存在因应水分状态变化和因应密度状态变化的两类饱和度变化过程。根据23组不同水分状态和密度状态的UU三轴压缩试验结果,讨论了重塑非饱和粘性土抗剪强度参数与饱和度的关系。数据分析表明:粘聚力与水分状态相关的饱和度的关系是强非线性的,与密度状态相关的饱和度的关系是准线性的。内摩擦角与水分状态相关的饱和度的关系是强非线性的,与密度状态相关的饱和度的关系是弱非线性的。