UV Piscium and the Radiative Flux Scale

Studies of eclipsing binaries with Hipparcos parallaxes are found to define a radiative flux relation for main sequence stars in the spectral range from B6 – F0which is about as well as to the stars derived from angular diameters. At lower temperatures the fluxes of the components fall below this curve which is caused due to the large intrinsic variations and starspots. From the present analysis it is found that the secondary component of UV Piscium, a late type eclipsing binary, is a normal K3V star and it fits the radiative flux-colour relation quite satisfactorily. This is explained due to the reliable values of the fluxes and colours derived from the clean light curves (light curves obtained after removing the effect of the distortion wave). However, the primary component which is also responsible for the intrinsic variations and starspots continue to deviate from this curve. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

牙鲆鳃淋巴样组织内免疫相关细胞的超微结构

利用电镜技术观察海水鱼类牙鲆鳃小片的基本结构及其免疫相关细胞的分布和形态。牙鲆的鳃小片主要由扁平上皮细胞和柱细胞构成 ,血窦腔极为发达。鳃小片在功能上可分为两个区 :气体交换区和免疫区。气体交换区位于上半部分 ,血窦内主要分布着红细胞 ;免疫区位于鳃小片基部 ,血窦腔中分布着各种免疫相关细胞 :淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和酸性粒细胞。此外 ,还观察到了泌氯细胞和粘液细胞。研究结果证明 ,牙鲆的鳃在局部粘膜免疫中具有重要的作用 ,是鱼类免疫体系中的有机组成成分之一     

牙鲆迟缓爱德华氏菌急性感染实验:4种不同方法的比较

为了检验疫苗对牙鲆免疫效果，探讨有效的注射途径尤为重要，本文通过采用迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)对牙鲆（Paralicthys oliwaceus)进行感染实验，对口腔、肌肉、腹腔和腹腔加肌肉４种注射方法了评价比较，其半致死浓度（ＬＤ５０）分别为口腔灌注法１０^8.38 CFU/ml、肌肉注射法１０^7.54CFU/ml、腹腔注射法１０^6.70CFU/ml和腹腔加肌肉注射法１０^6.09CFU/ml。结果表明牙鲆对迟缓爱德华氏菌敏感，在这４种注射方法中，以腹腔注射法这种人工方式最佳。     

HYENAS AND HUMANS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA*

ABSTRACT. The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), the most common large carnivore in the highlands and lowlands of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia, has occupied both a scavenging niche and a predatory position at the top of the food chain. My own field explorations on this animal and the observations of travelers document its long and ambivalent association with people in the Horn of Africa. Spotted hyenas in this region have mostly lived in anthropogenic contexts rather than, as in East Africa, on wildlife. Tolerated as efficient sanitation units, hyenas have removed garbage and carrion from towns. They have also destroyed livestock, killed people, and eaten corpses. Famine, epidemics, and armed conflict have provided opportunities for unbridled anthropophagy. The past and present coming together of human and hyena in this multiethnic region can be viewed as a vestige of a primeval African ecological relationship that dates far back in prehistory. Biological processes offer a deeper framework than culture with which to grasp the inherent contradiction of the hyena/human relationship past and present.     

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)细菌败血感染症及病原检验与分析

采用调查统计、剖检病变、病原分离鉴定与人工感染健康鱼致病作用试验的方法，对自然发生的养殖牙鲆细菌败血感染症病例，进行了发病情况、临床表现及病理变化等方面的检验，同时取病(死)牙鲆的肝、腹水、腐烂肌肉组织为材料进行细菌分离，对分离于10尾鱼20株纯培养菌的形态特征、理化特性等进行鉴定。结果表明，分离出来的两种细菌，一种是弧菌属(Vibrio Pacini 1854)细菌的一个新种(sp．nov．)并定名为牙鲆弧菌(Vibrio olivaceus sp．nov．)；另一种是气单胞菌属(Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936)的嗜水气单胞菌(A．hydrophila)。通过人工感染试验等表明该两种分离菌为相应感染症的致病菌。     

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)消化道形态学及组织学研究

采用大体解剖及光镜技术研究了牙鲆消化道形态学和组织学。牙鲆消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃、小肠、幽门垂和直肠构成。牙鲆口咽腔较大 ,牙锥形 ,为颌齿 ,舌三角形 ,粘膜表面为复层扁平上皮 ;食道粘膜也衬着复层扁平上皮 ,在食道起始处存在少量味蕾和较多的杯状细胞。由食道到胃 ,杯状细胞逐渐减少直至消失。肌肉也由横纹肌变成平滑肌。胃稍膨大 ,弯曲呈 J型 ,粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮。贲门部、胃体和幽门部均有胃腺分布 ,尤以胃体处最多。小肠短 ,为体长的 1/ 2左右。小肠上皮为具微绒毛的单层柱状上皮 ,幽门垂 4个 ,无括约肌 ,组织结构与小肠相似。直肠粘膜上皮为假复层柱状上皮 ,粘膜上皮中散布着较多的杯状细胞 ,环肌比较发达。牙鲆的消化道组织特点表明 ,其消化过程的特性就是食物停留胃内的时间较短 ,因而牙鲆的进食间隙也较短。     

Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Cod(Gadus morhua),Haddock(Melanogrammus aeglefinus)and Halibut(Hippogiossus hippoglossus)

This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod,haddock and halibut.Three groups of cod(276 g±61 g),haddock(538 g±83 g)and halibut(3704 g±221 g)were maintained with commercial feeds mainly based on fish meal and marine fish oil for 12 weeks prior to sampling.The fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were determined by GC/FID after derivatization of extracted lipids into fatty acid methyl esters(FAME).Lipids were also fractionated into neutral and polar lipids using Waters silica Sep-Pak(R).The phospholipid fraction was further separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)and the FAME profile was obtained.Results of the present study showed that cod and haddock were lean fish and their total muscle lipid contents were 0.8% and 0.7%,respectively,with phospholipid constituting 83.6% and 87.5% of the total muscle lipid,respectively.Halibut was a medium-fat fish and its muscle lipid content was 8%,with 84% of the total muscle lipid being neutral lipid.Total liver lipid contents of cod,haddock and halibut were 36.9%,67.2% and 30.7%,respectively,of which the neutral lipids accounted for the major fraction(88.1%-97.1%).Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant in cod and haddock muscle neutral lipid.Monounsaturated fatty acid level was the highest in halibut muscle neutral lipid.Fatty acid compositions of phospholipid were relatively constant.In summary,the liver of cod and haddock as lean fish was the main lipid reserve organ,and structural phospholipid is the major lipid form in flesh.However,as a medium-fat fish,halibut stored lipid in both their liver and muscle.     

条斑星鲽人工繁殖及苗种培育技术研究

在人工养殖条件下,进行环境调控及营养强化,诱导条斑星鲽(Verasper moseri)种鱼性腺成熟,通过人工授精获得受精卵,研究了受精卵的孵化,胚胎发育和苗种培育.结果表明,条斑星鲽受精卵在水温为8.6～10℃,盐度为31～33时,孵化时间需216 h,孵化率为29.0%～85.0%,苗种培育成活率为33.1%.     

圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)wtl基因的克隆与表达分析

圆斑星鲽（Verasper variegatus）雌鱼生长快,成熟雌鱼个体大小是雄鱼的2倍以上,开展性别相关基因的功能研究,对于探究圆斑星鲽性别决定机制,建立单性培育技术具有重要意义。本研究获得了wt1a及wt1b两个同源基因,wt1a基因全长为3263bp,预测开放阅读框（ORF）长为1245bp,编码415个氨基酸,5''-UTR和3''-UTR分别长372bp和1640bp;wt1b基因全长为2312bp,预测开放阅读框（ORF）长为1281bp,编码427个氨基酸,5''-UTR和3''-UTR分别长369bp和659bp。wt1a基因编码氨基酸分子量为46.2kDa,理论等电点为9.24,无跨膜结构及信号肽,在ORF末端有4个锌指结构,编码KTS三肽;wt1b基因编码氨基酸分子量为46.95kDa,理论等电点为8.99,无跨膜结构及信号肽,在ORF末端有4个锌指结构,并且编码KTS三肽。基因表达结果表明：wt1a和wt1b基因主要在圆斑星鲽性腺中表达,精巢的表达高于卵巢,肾脏的表达量显著高于其他组织,推测wt1a基因和wt1b基因在性腺和肾脏发育过程及功能方面均发挥重要作用;在早期发育阶段,wt1a基因在原肠期之前微弱表达,从原肠早期开始逐渐上升至神经胚期表达量达到最高,之后逐渐下降,直至孵化阶段,推测wt1a基因在圆斑星鲽原始生殖细胞分化过程及性腺发育中发挥重要作用。