中国高铁网络结构特征及其组织模式

基于2018年高铁网络OD数据,运用社会网络分析方法从高铁网络、城市节点等方面探讨中国城市高铁网络结构特征及其地域组织模式,结果表明:①中国高铁网络整体较为松散,东北地区网络密度最高,东部和中部地区作为整体网络的中介作用明显;②重要高铁线路的"廊道效应"突出,中心度呈现出以京广、京沪和沪昆高铁组成的"三角旗状"空间格局并向两侧城市呈不规则递减的态势;③多层级网络识别出紧密关联高铁线路和四横四纵向八横八纵格局的转变;④高铁网络的地域组织形式表现为点-轴串珠模式、双核组团模式和极核模式,高铁网络的完善使组织模式由单核趋向于网络化转变。     

Exploring the sensitivity of coastal inundation modelling to DEM vertical error

As sea level is projected to rise throughout the twenty-first century due to climate change, there is a need to ensure that sea level rise (SLR) models accurately and defensibly represent future flood inundation levels to allow for effective coastal zone management. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are integral to SLR modelling, but are subject to error, including in their vertical resolution. Error in DEMs leads to uncertainty in the output of SLR inundation models, which if not considered, may result in poor coastal management decisions. However, DEM error is not usually described in detail by DEM suppliers; commonly only the RMSE is reported. This research explores the impact of stated vertical error in delineating zones of inundation in two locations along the Devon, United Kingdom, coastline (Exe and Otter Estuaries). We explore the consequences of needing to make assumptions about the distribution of error in the absence of detailed error data using a 1 m, publically available composite DEM with a maximum RMSE of 0.15 m, typical of recent LiDAR-derived DEMs. We compare uncertainty using two methods (i) the NOAA inundation uncertainty mapping method which assumes a normal distribution of error and (ii) a hydrologically correct bathtub method where the DEM is uniformly perturbed between the upper and lower bounds of a 95% linear error in 500 Monte Carlo Simulations (HBM+MCS). The NOAA method produced a broader zone of uncertainty (an increase of 134.9% on the HBM+MCS method), which is particularly evident in the flatter topography of the upper estuaries. The HBM+MCS method generates a narrower band of uncertainty for these flatter areas, but very similar extents where shorelines are steeper. The differences in inundation extents produced by the methods relate to a number of underpinning assumptions, and particularly, how the stated RMSE is interpreted and used to represent error in a practical sense. Unlike the NOAA method, the HBM+MCS model is computationally intensive, depending on the areas under consideration and the number of iterations. We therefore used the HBM+ MCS method to derive a regression relationship between elevation and inundation probability for the Exe Estuary. We then apply this to the adjacent Otter Estuary and show that it can defensibly reproduce zones of inundation uncertainty, avoiding the computationally intensive step of the HBM+MCS. The equation-derived zone of uncertainty was 112.1% larger than the HBM+MCS method, compared to the NOAA method which produced an uncertain area 423.9% larger. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages and requires value judgements to be made. Their use underscores the need for transparency in assumptions and communications of outputs. We urge DEM publishers to move beyond provision of a generalised RMSE and provide more detailed estimates of spatial error and complete metadata, including locations of ground control points and associated land cover.     

应用GeoStar建立数字佛像三维模型的研究

通过使用GeoStar系列软件进行数字三维佛像建模 ,进一步实现佛像的动态漫游 ,从而得出了一种基于等值线图建立数字表面模型并进行空间漫游的可行技术 ;通过研究卧佛的历史资料 ,对数字佛像模型进行修补 ,探讨了实现佛像表面三维可视化复原的方法     

EGNOS数据处理模型与实例

主要分析研究了EGNOS系统测试采用的误差修正模型和定位保护精度算法,并通过比较一次实测静态数据单点解算和差分解算的不同效果来说明误差模型的修正效果和保护精度算法的有效性。事实证明EGNOS系统数据处理采用的误差修正模型效果是明显的,采用的定位保护精度算法是有效的。     

三维地理信息系统中几何特征的误差模型

本文提出了三维地理信息系统中几何特征的误差模型。基于面表示的三维GIS的特征被分为点、线段及线,该模型给出这些特征的一种误差描述,即围绕着这些几何特征的量测值的一个范围。     

基于ArcGIS的三维建筑日照时态模拟

以福州大学怡山校区为例,在ArcGIS 10环境中,结合SketchUp构建三维建筑模型,对建筑物接受日照和产生阴影遮挡情况进行三维可视化时态模拟研究,提出了无需插件的MultiPatch三维模型创建思路以及三维建筑的日照分析方案。研究结果不仅可为城建规划部门及居民提供快捷可靠的科学日照分析手段,而且拓展了三维建筑模型在GIS中的应用。     

经典测量平差模型等价性分析

对经典平差模型进行了较深入的分析和比较,在数学推导的基础上,附有参数的条件平差都可以转换成其他模型。在某种意义上说,附有参数的条件平差也可作为概括模型。     

三维辅助决策平台功能设计及数据建设研究

三维数据由于其直观、精细的特性成为数字城市建设中不可或缺的部分,三维辅助决策平台也成为近年来信息化建设的重要方面。本文从三维辅助决策平台建设时的功能设计和数据建设两个方面进行阐述,对其中运用的技术进行研究。最后,给出了针对不同应用领域系统建设的示例。