Wave driven free surface motion in the gap between a tanker and an FLNG barge

When two vessels are moored side-by-side with a narrow gap between them, intense free surface motions may be excited in the gap as a result of complex hydrodynamic interactions. These influence the motions of the two vessels, and the forces in any moorings. The present paper uses first and second order wave diffraction analysis to investigate this phenomenon. Key theoretical aspects of the numerical analysis are first summarised, including the vital need to suppress “irregular frequency” effects; and results are given to validate the code used. The case of a tanker alongside a large floating FLNG barge is then considered in detail.     

Fine‐scale diet of the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) using DNA‐based analysis of faeces

We applied DNA‐based faecal analysis to determine the diet of female Australian sea lions (n = 12) from two breeding colonies in South Australia. DNA dietary components of fish and cephalopods were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and mitochondrial DNA primers targeting the short (~100 base pair) section of the 16S gene region. Prey diversity was determined by sequencing ~50 amplicons generated from clone libraries developed for each individual. Faecal DNA was also combined and cloned from multiple individuals at each colony and fish diversity determined. Diets varied between individuals and sites. Overall, DNA analysis identified a broad diversity of prey comprising 23 fish and five cephalopod taxa, including many species not previously described as prey of the Australian sea lion. Labridae (wrasse), Monacanthidae (leatherjackets) and Mullidae (goat fish) were important fish prey taxa. Commonly identified cephalopods were Octopodidae (octopus), Loliginidae (calamary squid) and Sepiidae (cuttlefish). Comparisons of fish prey diversity determined by pooling faecal DNA from several samples provided a reasonable but incomplete resemblance (55–71%) to the total fish diversity identified across individual diets at each site. Interpretation of diet based on the recovery of prey hard‐parts identified one cephalopod beak (Octopus sp.) and one fish otolith (Parapriacanthus elongatus). The present study highlights the value of DNA‐based analyses and their capabilities to enhance information of trophic interactions.     

河北省近海有害藻华灾害分级、时空分布和优势藻华生物变化特征

为研究1989—2013年河北省近海有害藻华灾害分级、时空分布和优势肇事生物变化特征,对河北省近海累计58次有害藻华记录的发生时间、位置与范围、面积和优势有害藻华生物种类进行了统计分析。结果表明:小型(面积0~100 km2)、中型(100~1 000 km2)、大型(≥1 000 km2)和面积不详的有害藻华中,小型藻华为多发性藻华,发生次数占全省海域累计发生次数的60.35%;5-8月份是藻华多发期,发生次数占累计发生次数的86.21%;2000年后藻华发生频率大增,由原来年均发生1次演变为年均发生4次;秦皇岛海域发生藻华次数最多,占全省海域累计发生次数的57.14%,沧州海域次之,唐山海域最少;秦皇岛海域发生藻华累计面积最大,占全省海域累计发生面积的64.25%,沧州海域次之,唐山海域最小。河北省优势海洋有害藻华生物共计15种,易发性藻华生物夜光藻Noctiluca scintillans引发藻华次数最多,占全省海域累计发生次数的44.83%,2009年前是河北省近海最主要的藻华肇事生物;高发性藻华生物抑食金球藻Aureococcus anophagefferens引发有害藻华累计面积最大,占全省海域累计发生面积的55.57%,2009年后该藻和夜光藻共同成为河北省近海优势藻华肇事生物。     

Chlorophyll production,in response to nutrient additions,by the algae in Lake Taupo water

In batch cultures of Lake Taupo water, phosphorus was the nutrient limiting plant growth from January to June, and nitrogen took over this role from July to December. Chlorophyll production by algae was often stimulated by trace element additions, but it was uncertain whether total cytoplasmic production was also involved.     

内蒙古中西部钼多金属矿床地质特征及其动力学背景

本文首次对内蒙古中西部白乃庙铜-钼-金矿床、大苏计钼矿床、西沙德盖钼矿床、柳坝沟金-钼矿床、哈达门沟金-钼矿床、查干花钼-钨矿床和流沙山钼-金矿床的产出环境、地质特征、成因类型和时空分布特点进行了简要总结,对成矿作用与构造-岩浆活动的关系进行了概略性论述。柳坝沟、哈达门沟和白乃庙矿床均在前寒武纪变质岩地层中产出,大苏计、查干花、西沙德盖和流沙山矿床直接产于海西-印支期中酸性侵入岩中,尽管上述矿床在产出环境和地理位置上存在有一定差别,但是它们均与花岗岩类侵入岩体(或岩脉)具有密切的空间分布关系,属与中酸性侵入岩有关的钼多金属矿床。另外,根据矿床(点)的空间分布特点,可划分出5个钼多金属矿化集中区:即大苏计-明星沟钼矿化集中区、白乃庙-谷那乌苏铜-钼-金矿化集中区、哈达门沟-沙德盖金-钼矿化集中区、马尼图-查干花钼-铋-钨矿化集中区和流沙山-黑鹰山钼-金-铁矿化集中区。研究结果表明,成矿作用与板块消减、碰撞和缝合过程中所诱发的构造-岩浆事件密切相关,是地壳特定演化阶段构造-岩浆活动的产物。     

近60 a新疆大气水分亏缺的时空变化特征

在全球陆地大气水分亏缺(VPD)已经增加、并将持续增强的背景下,新疆大气环境是否趋于干旱化值得探讨。利用1961—2020年地面气象观测资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,研究了新疆VPD的分布及时空演变特征。结果表明：(1)近60 a来新疆VPD整体呈现显著增加趋势,增幅为0.015 kPa·(10a)^-1。VPD在2005年发生突变,突变前为弱波动变化,突变后呈增加趋势。(2)各季节VPD均以增势为主,其中春、夏季增幅较大,冬季增幅最小。春、秋季VPD突变特征与年变化较为一致,夏季略晚(2006年出现突变)。(3)空间分布上,VPD呈现“山区低、盆地高”的鲜明格局。时空演变分析表明,全疆大范围地区(近83.65%的气象站点)VPD呈增势变化,而VPD呈下降趋势的站点多分布在天山山脉东段的北麓以及南疆盆地的北、西北缘。季节尺度上,春季VPD呈增势变化的站点数占比最高(96.15%),是新疆大气水分胁迫范围最广的时段,而冬季大气水汽含量相较稳定。     

Spatial-temporal patterns of China’s interprovincial migration, 1985-2010

Migration plays an increasing role in China's economy since mobility rose and economic restructuring has proceeded during the last three decades. Given the background of most studies focusing on migration in a particular period, there is a critical need to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of migration. Using bicomponent trend mapping technique and interprovincial migration data during the periods 1985-1990, 1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2005, and 2005-2010 we analyze net-, in-, out-migration intensity, and their changes over time in this study. Strong spatial variations in migration intensity were found in China's interprovincial migration, and substantial increase in migration intensity was also detected in eastern China during 1985-2010. Eight key destinations are mostly located within the three rapidly growing economic zones of eastern China (Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region), and they are classified into three types: mature, emerging, and fluctuant origins, while most key origins are relatively undeveloped central and western provinces, which are exactly in accordance with China's economic development patterns. The results of bicomponent trend mapping indicate that, in a sense, the migration in the south was more active than the north over the last three decades. The result shows the new changing features of spatial-temporal patterns of China's interprovincial migration that Fan and Chen did not find out in their research. A series of social-economic changes including rural transformation, balanced regional development, and labor market changes should be paid more attention to explore China's future interprovincial migration.     

Spatial and temporal variations of coastlines in northern China (2000-2012)

This study examined the spatial distribution of the continent coastline in northern China using remote sensing and GIS techniques, and calculated the fractal dimension of the coastline by box-counting method, with a time span from 2000 to 2012. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of spatial-temporal changes in the coastline's length and fractal dimension, the relationship between the length change and fractal dimension change, and the driving forces of coastline changes in northern China. During the research period, the coastline of the study area increased by 637.95 km, at a rate of 53.16 km per year. On the regional level, the most significant change in coastline length was observed in Tianjin and Hebei. Temporally, the northern China coastline grew faster after 2008. The most dramatic growth was found between 2010 and 2011, with an increasing rate of 2.49% per year. The fractal dimension of the coastline in northern China was increasing during the research period, and the most dramatic increase occurred in Bohai Rim. There is a strong-positive linear relationship between the historical coastline length and fractal dimension (the correlation coefficient was 0.9962). Through statistical analysis of a large number of local coastline changes, it can be found that the increase (or decrease) of local coastline length will, in most cases, lead to the increase (or decrease) of the whole coastline fractal dimension. Civil-coastal engineering construction was the most important factor driving the coastline change in northern China. Port construction, fisheries facilities and salt factories were the top three construction activities. Compared to human activities, the influence of natural processes such as estuarine deposit and erosion were relatively small.     

1985–2010年中国省际人口迁移的时空格局(英文)

Migration plays an increasing role in China's economy since mobility rose and economic restructuring has proceeded during the last three decades. Given the background of most studies focusing on migration in a particular period, there is a critical need to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of migration. Using bicomponent trend mapping technique and interprovincial migration data during the periods 1985–1990, 1990–1995, 1995–2000, 2000– 2005, and 2005–2010 we analyze net-, in-, out-migration intensity, and their changes over time in this study. Strong spatial variations in migration intensity were found in China's interprovincial migration, and substantial increase in migration intensity was also detected in eastern China during 1985–2010. Eight key destinations are mostly located within the three rapidly growing economic zones of eastern China(Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region), and they are classified into three types: mature, emerging, and fluctuant origins, while most key origins are relatively undeveloped central and western provinces, which are exactly in accordance with China's economic development patterns. The results of bicomponent trend mapping indicate that, in a sense, the migration in the south was more active than the north over the last three decades. The result shows the new changing features of spatial-temporal patterns of China's interprovincial migration that Fan and Chen did not find out in their research. A series of social-economic changes including rural transformation, balanced regional development, and labor market changes should be paid more attention to explore China's future interprovincial migration.     

福建省水生态足迹时空分异

利用改进的生态足迹模型,分析福建省2005—2011年的水生态足迹时空分异,得出几点结论：1）福建省水生态处于盈余状态,但人均水生态足迹增加;2）2011年福建省万元GDP水生态足迹为0.255 1 hm^2/万元,与2005年0.708 7 hm^2/万元对比,产出效率提高了64.00%。3）建议通过生态优势与经济优势相互转化、调整产业结构、提倡绿色消费实现可持续发展。