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621.
L. Klimeš 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2006,50(3):417-430
Explicit equations for the spatial derivatives and perturbation derivatives of amplitude in both isotropic and anisotropic
media are derived. The spatial and perturbation derivatives of the logarithm of amplitude can be calculated by numerical quadratures
along the rays.
The spatial derivatives of amplitude may be useful in calculating the higher-order terms in the ray series, in calculating
the higher-order amplitude coefficients of Gaussian beams, in estimating the accuracy of zero-order approximations of both
the ray method and Gaussian beams, in estimating the accuracy of the paraxial approximation of individual Gaussian beams,
or in estimating the accuracy of the asymptotic summation of paraxial Gaussian beams. The perturbation derivatives of amplitude
may be useful in perturbation expansions from elastic to viscoelastic media and in estimating the accuracy of the common-ray
approximations of the amplitude in the coupling ray theory. 相似文献
622.
623.
实现稀疏反褶积的预条件双共轭梯度法 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
地震勘探稀疏反褶积计算一般要导出一个Toeplitz矩阵的线性系统,通常可以用矩阵求逆、Levison递推及共轭梯度等方法直接求解。当Toeplitz矩阵的条件数很大时,数值稳定性差,甚至无法求解。使用共轭梯度法,在矩阵的对角元素上加入规则化因子,可以改善这种情况,但不能彻底解决数值稳定性和精度问题。若求解最小二乘问题的原始问题,结果会好些。线性系统形式的细微改变,将导致不同的数值计算特性。在规则化策略基础上,可巧妙地构造稀疏反褶积的问题原型,引入预条件,采用双共轭梯度法求解,从而实现稀疏反褶积,获得较好结果。数值算例表明,预条件双共轭梯度法比直接稀疏反褶积方法收敛快、精度高。 相似文献
624.
625.
Surface-wave polarization data and global anisotropic structure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the past few years, seismic tomography has begun to provide detailed images of seismic velocity in the Earth's interior which, for the first time, give direct observational constraints on the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer. The study of surface waves has led to quite detailed maps of upper-mantle structure, and the current global models agree reasonably well down to wavelengths of approximately 2000 km. Usually, the models contain only elastic isotropic structure, which provides an excellent fit to the data in most cases. For example, the variance reduction for minor and major arc phase data in the frequency range 7–15 mHz is typically 65–92 per cent and the data are fit to within 1–2 standard deviations. The fit to great-circle phase data, which are not subject to bias from unknown source or instrument effects, is even better. However, there is clear evidence for seismic anisotropy in various places on the globe. This study demonstrates how much (or little) the fit to the data is improved by including anisotropy in the modelling process. It also illuminates some of the trade-offs between isotropic and anisotropic structure and gives an estimate of how much bias is introduced by neglecting anisotropy. Finally, we show that the addition of polarization data has the potential for improving recovery of anisotropic structure by diminishing the trade-offs between isotropic and anisotropic effects. 相似文献
626.
在三维电阻率的正演计算中往往涉及到快速、准确求解大型线性方程纽Ax=b的问题。通过采用有限差分法来构造出求解点电源三维地电场的大型稀疏对称线性方程组。并引入Lanczos迭代技术,构造出三对角阵方程组,然后采用正交分解法进行求解,它是Krylov子空间方法中的一种。与传统迭代算法相比,它占用内存少,收敛速度快且稳定。针对大型稀疏矩阵及MATLAB语言的特点,采用简单记录矩阵的非零元素值及其所在行、列值的方法存储大型稀疏矩阵,可大大节省机器内存,提高运算速度。理论分析和计算实例显示,此算法是地电三维正演计算的有效方法,为下一步的反演计算打好基础。 相似文献
627.
This paper focuses on one particular way of linear filtering the gravity data to facilitate gravity inversion or interpretation. With the use of integral transforms the gravity anomalies are transformed into new quantities that allow an easier interpretation with the help of pattern recognition. As the integral transforms are in fact filters, and as the regions of integration are caps with a variable radius, which can be systematically changed as a free parameter, we refer to such methodology as the truncation filtering. Such filters may be understood as weighted spherical windows moving over the surface, on which the gravity anomaly is defined, the kernel of the transform being the weight function. The objective of this paper is to define and deploy the truncation filtering for a planar model, i.e. for a homogenous horizontally infinite layer with embedded anomalous masses, and for a spherical model, i.e., for a homogenous massive sphere with embedded anomalous masses. Instead of the original gravity anomaly, the quantities resulting from the truncation filtering are interpreted/inverted. As we shall see, this approach has certain benefits. The fundamental concept of the truncation filtering methodology is demonstrated here in terms of the model consisting of one point mass anomaly.The relationship between the depth of the point mass and the instant of the onset of the dimple pattern observed in sequences produced by truncation filtering the synthetic gravity data generated by point masses is, for both the planar and spherical models, compiled by computer simulations, as well as derived analytically. It is shown, that the dimple pattern is a consequence of truncating the domain of the filter and is free of the choice of the kernel of the filter. It is shown, that in terms of the mean earth and depths of point masses no greater than some 100 km the spherical model may be replaced by a planar model from the perspective of the truncation filtering methodology. It is also shown, that from the viewpoint of the truncation filtering methodology the rigorous gravity anomaly may be approximated by the vertical component of the gravity disturbance. The relationship between the instant of the dimple onset and the depth of the point mass thus becomes linear and independent of the magnitude (mass) of the point mass. 相似文献
628.
629.
630.
G. Laske 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,123(1):245-259
In the current generation of global dispersion maps of surface waves, the long-wavelength structure seems to be very well determined. There is general agreement in the patterns of global phase velocity anomalies up to harmonic degree 16. However, the shorter-wavelength structure varies significantly between published maps, and it appears that this part of the models depends strongly on the inversion technique and on the data set of surface-wave dispersion (usually phase measurements). Polarization data depend on the lateral gradient of phase velocity and hence are more sensitive to shorter-wavelength structure than phase data; thus, including these data should enhance resolution. In this paper, I demonstrate that polarization data of long-period surface waves (80 s), as a function of frequency, can be reliably measured using a multitaper technique. the resulting off-great-circle arrival angles of the surface-wave packets are relatively easy to interpret within a ray-theoretical framework. Our data base of three-component recordings is now large enough to provide useful constraints on global dispersion maps, particularly on the shorter-wavelength parts. Apart from the phase velocity model itself, a possible misorientation of the horizontal components at each station is included in a non-linear inversion as an additional independent model parameter. This gives a significant improvement in the fit to the data. Misorientations of more than 3° are probable for at least four of the 37 stations investigated. 相似文献