Properties of the double β model for intracluster gas

We present an extensive study of the double β model for the X-ray surface brightness profiles of clusters, and derive analytically the gas density and total masses of clusters under the hydrostatic equilibrium hypothesis. It is shown that the employment of the double β model instead of the conventional single β model can significantly improve the goodness-of-fit to the observed X-ray surface brightness profiles of clusters, which will in turn lead to a better determination of the gas and total mass distributions in clusters. In particular, the observationally fitted β parameter for the extended component in a double β model may become larger. This opens a new possibility of resolving the long-standing β discrepancy for clusters. Using an ensemble of 33 ROSAT PSPC observed clusters drawn from the Mohr, Mathiesen & Evrard sample, we find that the asymptotic value of β _fit is 0.83±0.33 at large radii, consistent with both the average spectroscopic parameter β _spec=0.78±0.37 and the result given by numerical simulations.     

On the small-scale clustering of the Lyα forest clouds

Recent measurements of the autocorrelation function of the Ly α clouds are analysed from the point of view of a simple model with strong clustering on the small scales. It is shown that this toy model reproduces fairly well the important linear relation between amplitude of the absorber autocorrelation function and neutral hydrogen column density. In addition, it predicts a correct evolutionary trend of correlation amplitudes. Some possible ramifications of these results are discussed.     

Gravitational wave signals from the collapse of the first stars

We study the gravitational wave emission from the first stars, which are assumed to be very massive objects (VMOs). We take into account various feedback (both radiative and stellar) effects regulating the collapse of objects in the early Universe and thus derive the VMO initial mass function and formation rate. If the final fate of VMOs is to collapse, leaving very massive black hole remnants, then the gravitational waves emitted during each collapse would be seen as a stochastic background. The predicted spectral strain amplitude in a critical density cold dark matter (CDM) universe peaks in the frequency range ν ≈5×10⁻⁴–5×10⁻³ Hz, where it has a value in the range ≈10⁻²⁰–10⁻¹⁹ Hz^−1/2, and might be detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna ( LISA ). The expected emission rate is roughly 4000 event yr⁻¹, resulting in a stationary discrete sequence of bursts, i.e. a shot-noise signal.     

云南路南石林裂隙渗透张量特征

路南石林是世界上六大剑状喀斯特景观地区中最大的一处,总面积达350km2。测量统计资料表明,本区主要发育NE、NW、NNW和NWW向四组区域性高角度裂隙。隙宽多在0.025～0.075mm之间,隙间距相对较大,多在0.5～3.0m之间。各向异性渗透系数相对较小(<0.2m /d) ,总体上有玄武岩>第三系>栖霞灰岩>茅口灰岩。最大渗透主轴方向以NW— SE为主,倾角大。来自非可溶岩盖层内的具很强侵蚀性的裂隙水,对进入成熟演化阶段的裂隙系统快速溶蚀动力学过程的产生起重要作用,为石林快速发育创造条件。质纯层厚的碳酸盐岩高角度裂隙系统和盖层所提供的强侵蚀性裂隙水是石林的形成过程中两个极其重要的因素。      

Conflict in Common: Heritage-making in Cape York

The outstanding natural and cultural values of Cape York have been acknowledged for decades, but those decades have been characterised by deep conflict. Non-government organisation intervention in local politics has seen a forceful push for nominating some or all of the Cape York Peninsula as a World Heritage Site. We illuminate the authorised heritage discourse at work in heritage-making, and highlight contested issues of ownership, governance, authenticity, and value. These themes contribute to the possibility of marginalising the voices of local people who wish to contribute to heritage-making in Cape York. Politics infuses all aspects of heritage-making in Cape York, and the specific experiences on Cape York reflect larger political processes occurring in World Heritage discourse. The paper draws on interviews undertaken in May and June 2012.     

聚合膜电解浓集法测量低水平氚环境水样的氚比活度

随着氚同位素电解浓集技术和测量仪器的发展,对低水平的氚比活度可以进行准确测量,但由于现行的氚处理方法的差异,导致氚比活度测定的不确定性增加。本文采用现行的两种氚比活度测量方法碱式电解浓集法和聚合膜电解浓集法测量低水平环境水样的氚比活度,并将结果进行比对。针对聚合膜电解法,通过使用优化结构的装置提高可靠性;对于使用国家标准方法计算出现较大误差的情况下,在氚水回收率的计算数据处理方面提出了死体积的概念,改善了聚合膜电解法测量低水平氚样品的稳定性,使氚比活度的计算结果更加精确。     

硫元素对小球藻异养生产虾青素的影响

研究了不同浓度硫元素对小球藻Chlorella zofingiensis异养生长和合成虾青素的影响.结果表明,低硫条件下,细胞分裂受到严重抑制,虾青素迅速积累且含量显著提高,但限制藻细胞干重的增加.硫元素3μmol·L<'-1>浓度下,第14天虾青素含量最大,达到1.19mg·g<'-1>,高出300μmol·L<'-1>硫元素组40.68%.硫元素3000μmol·L<'-1>浓度下,在第14天时获得最大虾青素产量,达到9.99mg·L<'-1>.与300μmol·L<'-1>硫元素组相比,3000μmol·L<'-1>硫元素组获得了更高的生物量和虾青素产量.而前者在培养后期,出现了一定程度的蛋白质抑制现象.本研究认为,在单批异养培养中,硫元素300μmol·L<'-1>可能是葡萄糖代谢获得最大生物量所需的最低浓度,因此在流加葡萄糖培养的工业化生产中,一次性加入更高浓度的硫元素,可望获得更高的虾青素产量.     

基于河网水系的江南水乡风貌和文化保护途径——以上海朱家角镇为例

以上海朱家角镇为研究对象,结合遥感影像数据分析、历史资料收集整理、实地调查访谈,探讨基于河网水系的江南水乡风貌和文化保护途径,结果显示：@2006年朱家角共有河道374条,其中88．7％为村级河道;镇内水环境质量不容乐观,除溶解氧及化学需氧量外其余监测指标均未达到Ⅱ类地表水标准;②1965-2006年朱家角河网水系结构趋于主干化和简单化,期间消失河流164条,消失河流总长达27．77km,消失河流面积共0．45km2,消失河流均为村级河流;近40年,水乡文化在桥梁、街巷、民居、宗教性建筑及地名等要素上产生了相应变化;③从末端河道重视程度、城镇水环境整治、水乡文脉保育等方面提出建议,以便开展基于河网水系的江南水乡文化保护工作。     

深孔水力采矿碎岩与矿浆举升机具设计与试验

钻孔水力采矿技术作为一种新型非传统采矿方法,在开采易分散、疏松、多孔、弱胶结性等固体矿产时显示出独特的优点。基于钻孔水力采矿原理,主要对碎岩高压水枪工作原理和结构进行了研究,对矿浆举升系统等方面进行了优化设计,通过数值模拟分析和地表、孔内实物模型试验进行了设计验证,并研究了相应的钻孔水力采矿工艺,这些研究为未来深部固体矿产领域开发提供技术支撑。