天文辐射空间分布与尺度效应研究

天文辐射是地表实际入射太阳辐射的基础背景,也是辐射计算、太阳能资源评估和农业生产潜力估算等方面的重要天文参量。本文基于分辨率为30 m的福建省数字高程模型,使用MATLAB软件提供的并行计算框架模拟了起伏地形下福建省天文辐射空间分布,定量地分析了坡度坡向对天文辐射分布的影响规律,同时探讨数字高程模型对天文辐射产生的空间尺度效应。结果表明：福建省年天文辐射量大部分处于10 000~13 000 MJ/m²,呈现东南沿海向中西部递减的分布特征;不同季节的天文辐射分布受纬度和坡度坡向的影响具有明显的差异性,呈现季节分布的不对称性;不同坡度和坡向对天文辐射的影响与福建省总体上西北高东南低地势特征相吻合,天文辐射量随坡度增大而减小,东、东南和南坡向是天文辐射分布较集中的区域,总体上呈现山脊多、山谷少、阳坡多、阴坡少的地域差异性;数字高程模型的空间尺度效应在起伏较大的福建中西部丘陵地貌表现更加明显,该区域的天文辐射对分辨率的变化更加敏感。     

激光雷达数据的建筑物光伏潜力评估

针对如何规模化、定量化评估城市建筑物尺度光伏发电潜力,充分、有效利用太阳能资源,实现建筑物能源自给自足目标的问题,该文通过利用机载激光雷达数据,批量获取建筑物屋顶相关信息,借助三维立体模型确定太阳能板的安装区域,进行区域建筑物表面光伏发电潜力评估。以山东建筑大学校园内13栋建筑物屋顶为例,基于ArcGISPro提供的太阳辐射分析工具获取实验区域2016年逐月太阳辐射数据。实验结果显示,该区域年均太阳辐射强度为1160.7kW·h/m2,通过实例分析验证了基于建筑物表面的光伏发电容量在建筑物能源供给中具有重要作用。同时,文章对实验区域建筑物光伏发电潜力月度容量进行分析,得出一年中的高峰时段为5—7月,而冬季的11月份到次年2月份是低谷期。文章利用机载激光雷达数据批量获取建筑物屋顶定量信息,对区域建筑物尺度光伏发电潜力评估做了初步的尝试及若干思考,实践证明该方法是引导太阳能资源开发利用的一种有效途径。     

Relationship of Halo CMEs and Solar Proton Events

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are important sources of Solar Proton Events (SPEs). Their speeds and source region locations have significant effects on the occurrence of SPEs. In this paper, all the halo CMEs observed in recent five years are statistically analyzed. The results show that the fast halo CMEs with small angular distances are more likely to produce SPEs, especially, those halo CMEs with a speed greater than 1200 km s^?1 and an angular distance less than 60°. Three fast halo CMEs with no SPEs caused are elaborately studied. The results show that the ejection direction of the CME's main body and the variation of interplanetary magnetic field also have important impacts on the occurrence of SPEs. Consequently, in the practical daily space environment forecasts, an accurate forecast for SPEs must take various factors into account, such as the eruption speed, source region location, the main-body ejection direction of CMEs, and the interplanetary environment, etc.     

姿态和光压模型对北斗导航卫星精密定轨的影响分析

通过GPS/BDS双系统联合定轨给出北斗系统新老卫星的轨道精度变化特征,分析不同姿态控制模式对卫星精密定轨的影响及其原因;针对光压模型的不足,讨论两种改进的定轨策略对北斗系统精密定轨的适用性。结果表明,当太阳矢量与卫星轨道面的夹角小于4°时,采用动偏-零偏转换模式的IGSO/MEO卫星会有明显的轨道精度下降,而IGSO-6卫星的轨道精度变化较为平稳,没有明显的精度衰减;ECOM光压模型较适用于IGSO-6卫星,但不适用于其他卫星;两种改进的定轨策略都能在一定程度上提高北斗导航卫星精密定轨的精度,可为北斗系统精密定轨提供参考。     

粤东地区太阳能资源及其利用气候分析

利用1971～2000年广东省汕头站日射观测资料,计算了粤东地区太阳总辐射,从太阳总辐射、气温、天空状况等方面分析了粤东地区太阳能资源的时空分布及其特点.指出粤东地区具有太阳总辐射量大、气候环境温度高,天空状况良好等自然气候条件,太阳能资源丰富,热状况优越,太阳能利用具有极大的发展空间.     

An investigation of the subflare-microwave burst connection

For a number of active regions with a different character of development, a study is made of the dependence of the degree of subflare-microwave burst connection on subflare characteristics and the stage of development of the active region. The earlier conclusion is confirmed that the degree of connection depends weakly on time charactersistics of subflares, their area, and position in a sunspot group, but depends strongly on brightness. It is shown that the degree of subflare-burst connection is a rather sensitive indicator of the state of the active region. In disturbed periods characterized by the appearance in the active region of flares of importance 1B and higher, the degree of connection is very high. Also, it begins to increase approximately 24 hours before the onset of a disturbed period and remains high still on the next day after its end.     

Search for nonpotential features in the magnetic field of the solar active region SD 135 on 1984 June 4

Wir untersuchten die Struktur des Magnetfeldes in der relativ kleinen und einfachen solaren aktiven Region SD 135/1984 in der frühen, relativ ruhigen Phase am 24. Juni. Für diese Arbeit nutzten wir die Daten des Vektormagnetografen des SibIZMIR und Resultate von Modellrechnungen in der stromfreien Näherung. Wir haben das gemessene Magnetfeld mit dem Transversal-Feld der Modellrechnung verglichen. Wir konnten keinen signifikanten Nonpotential-Effekt größer als im Niveau der Sensitivität des Transversal-Magnetfeldes B_T 200 G finden. Wir schluß-folgern daher, daß die globale Magnetfeldstruktur in der untersuchten solaren aktiven Region nahezu eine Potentialstruktur besaß. Die Effekte der Entwicklung der aktiven Region auf die Magnetfeldstruktur scheinen vernachlässigbar zu sein.     

An apparent highly sheared magnetic field structure generated by a subphotospheric current system

Unter Ausnutzung von Potsdamer Vektormagnetogrammen und einem Kraftfrei-Modell haben wir die Magnetfeldstruktur der aktiven Region BBR 18474 des 15.Juli und 16. Juli 1982 untersucht. Durch den Vergleich der Azimute des Stromfrei-Modell-Magnetfeldes in dem Zentralteil dieser aktiven Region mit den aus den Beobachtungen bestimmten Azimutwerten finden wir eine gute qualitative Übereinstimmung. Zusätzliche frühere Resultate haben gezeigt, daß die Erscheinung der stark gescherten Magnetfeldstruktur in der Nähe der Neutrallinie im Zentralteil dieser aktiven Region ein Pseudoeffekt sein kann, der durch ein subphotosphärisches Stromsystem erzeugt wird.     

基于DEM的山区气温地形修正模型——以陕西省耀县为例

提出基于DEM的山区气温地形修正模型,以具有多种地貌类型的陕西省耀县为实验样区,以DEM模拟的坡面与平面太阳总辐射量为地形调节因子,实现对传统山区温度空间推算模型的改进,并与TM6热波段反映的地表温度进行了对比验证。实验结果显示,该方法能够较为精细地刻画山区局地温度随地形的空间分异规律,一定程度上提高了山区地面温度推算的精度。     

Monthly calibration and optimization of ?ngstr?m-Prescott equation coefficients for comprehensive agricultural divisions in China

?ngstr?m-Prescott equation (AP) is the algorithm recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations for calculating the surface solar radiation (R_s) to support the estimation of crop evapotranspiration.Thus,the a_s and b_s coefficients in the AP are vital.This study aims to obtain coefficients a_s and b_s in the AP,which are optimized for China’s comprehensive agricultural divisions.The average monthly solar radiation and relative sunshine duration data at 121 stations from 1957–2016 were collected.Using data from 1957 to 2010,we calculated the monthly a_s and b_s coefficients for each subregion by least-squares regression.Then,taking the observation values of R_s from 2011 to 2016 as the true values,we estimated and compared the relative accuracy of R_s calculated using the regression values of coefficients a_s and b_s and that calculated with the FAO recommended coefficients.The monthly coefficients,a_s and b_s,of each subregion are significantly different,both temporally and spatially,from the FAO recommended coefficients.The relative error range (0–54%) of R_s calculated via the regression values of the a_s and b_s coefficients is better than the relative error range (0–77%) of R_s calculated using the FAO suggested coefficients.The station-mean relative error was reduced by 1%to 6%.However,the regression values of the a_s and b_s coefficients performed worse in certain months and agricultural subregions during verification.Therefore,we selected the a_s and b_s coefficients with the minimum R_(s )estimation error as the final coefficients and constructed a coefficient recommendation table for 36 agricultural production and management subregions in China.These coefficient recommendations enrich the case study of coefficient calibration for the AP in China and can improve the accuracy of calculating R_s and crop evapotranspiration based on existing data.