CAD Polyline线的抽稀与圆滑

在GIS基础数据的采集过程中,数据质量的控制非常重要。介绍了对自动生成的等高线进行圆滑和抽稀处理的一种方法。     

暖脊特征点提取及暖脊线自动绘制方法研究

低空暖脊的出现意味着一种天气不稳定因素的形成,因此,基于温度场的暖脊线的正确识别对于天气预报具有重要意义.本文在分析山脊线算法用于提取暖脊线时暴露出的问题的基础上,提出一种纠偏算法,配合使用为反映暖脊线气象特点所构建的规则,提取到干扰较少的暖脊特征点;根据最小二乘法点拟合线的思想,提出一种光滑中轴算法,得到质量较高的暖脊线.实验表明,本文算法绘制的暖脊线与气象专家手工绘制的暖脊线吻合较高,击中率高达97％,未发现误识.     

Influence of the Interface Fresnel zone on the reflected P-wave amplitude modelling

The aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of accounting for the Fresnel volume and for the Interface Fresnel zone (IFZ) for calculating the amplitude of the P wave emanating from a point source and recorded at a receiver after its specular reflection on a smooth homogeneous interface between elastic media. For this purpose, by considering the problem of interest as a problem of diffraction by the IFZ, that is, the physically relevant part of the interface which actually affects the reflected wavefield, we have developed a method which combines the Angular Spectrum Approach (ASA) with the IFZ concept to get the 3-D analytical solution. The variation in the reflected P -wave amplitude evaluated with the ASA, as a function of the incidence angle, is compared with the plane wave (PW) reflection coefficient and with the exact solution provided by the 3-D code OASES, for one solid/solid configuration and two dominant frequencies of the source. For subcritical incidence angles the geometrical spreading compensation is mostly quite sufficient to reduce the point-source amplitudes to the PW amplitudes. On the contrary, for specific regions of incidence angles for which the geometrical spreading compensation is not sufficient anymore, that is, near the critical region and in the post-critical domain, the ASA combined with the IFZ concept yields better results than the PW theory whatever the dominant frequency of the source, which suggests that the additional application of the IFZ concept is necessary to obtain the reflected P -wave amplitude. Nevertheless, as the ASA combined with the IFZ has been used only for evaluating the contribution of the reflected wavefield at the receiver, its predictions fail when the interference between the reflected wave and the head wave becomes predominant.     

时序资料的时间窗平滑法及应用

观测资料的平滑处理，是数据分析中一类重要的常用方法，平滑处理的目的，在于既保留资料中的主要有用信号，又消除或削弱随机误差，本文对密集采样时序资料，提出了时间窗平滑法，并以光谱和光电测量资料为例，通过分析ＰＤＭ技术中拟合曲线的计算，说明了它的性质与应用，与高斯权函数平滑法相比，此方法计算简便，且有更明确的物理意义，与观测值多点合并法相比，有更好的采样一致性和避免损失实际的分辨率，当用于等间距时序资料     

谱图重排的谱分解理论及其在储层探测中的应用

谱分解理论是把单道地震记录分解为连续的时频谱平面,是地震资料处理和解释的重要技术之一.由于谱分解方法的多解性,所以同一道地震记录因为分解方法不同,得到的时频谱是不一样的.短时傅里叶变换,小波变换,S变换和匹配追踪算法都是对信号开窗分析,这些方法都受到不确定性原理的限制.Wigner-Ville变换避开了不确定性原理的限制,但是交叉项的存在限制了本方法的使用.本文利用谱图重排的时频分析方法(RSPWV)对合成的单道地震记录和实际的地震资料进行了分析.与短时傅里叶变换和匹配追踪算法的比较得出:此方法具有较高的时频分辨率,能够很好地识别气层.     

基于小波变换的SAR图像噪声滤除方法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)的相干斑噪声严重影响图像质量,降低图像的可判读性。常用的空间自适应滤波方法在滤除噪声的同时,损失了图像中的大量边缘细节信息。介绍了一种基于小波变换的SAR图像噪声消除方法,充分考虑噪声的统计特征,并把小波变换与空间滤波两者有机结合起来。通过滤波实验与其它滤波方法的对比。表明此小波滤波方法能更有效地消除SAR图像中的斑点噪声,而且能有效地保持图像中的纹理细节和边缘信息．     

Providing scientific visualization for spatial data analysis: Criteria and an assessment of SAGE

A consistent theme in recent work on developing exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) has been the importance attached to visualization techniques, particularly following the pioneering development of packages such as SPIDER and REGARD (Haslett et al. 1990).  The focus on visual techniques is often justified in two ways: (a) the power of modern graphical interfaces means that graphics is no longer a way of simply presenting results in the form of maps or graphs, but a tool for the extraction of information from data; (b) graphical, exploratory methods are felt to be more intuitive for non-specialists to use than methods of numerical spatial statistics enabling wider participation in the process of getting data insights. However, little work has been done to decide which visualization tools might be needed to support ESDA, or how they can be most effectively implemented.  This paper briefly reviews a theoretical framework that has been suggested for addressing these issues, which comprises two elements: firstly a data model, based on the distinction between rough and smooth properties of spatial data, that defines what an analyst is looking for in data (Haining et al. 1998) and secondly a theoretical model for assessing the quality of visualisation tools (Cleveland 1994). The emphasis of this paper is the use of the theoretical framework to structure an assessment of SAGE, a software system that has been written for the spatial statistical analysis (including both exploratory and confirmatory data analysis) of area based data linked to a GIS. The aim of the assessment is to identify the desirable features of the system (that might be employed in other systems) whilst also highlighting what the additional requirements are thereby contributing to the development of systems for ESDA that contain good quality scientific visualization tools for exploratory spatial data analysis. Received: 30 September 1998/Accepted: 17 September 1999     

光面爆破试验与应用

对光面爆破参数的设计，从理论和实践上，作了较全面的分析。并提出：在实际施工中采用近似理论计算与工程类比相结合的方法，可取得更高的技术经济效益。     

限制性克立格法在地学中的研究与应用

普通克立格法在矿产资源储量计算中通常会产生较多的平滑效应,本文运用限制性克立格法,通过其限制性条件来解决这一问题.阐述了限制性克里格的理论方法,设计出限制性克立格法的计算过程,结合实例,通过块段模型的结果对普通克里格法与限制性克里格法进行比较,结果表明,限制性克立格法在抑制平滑效应方面能够取得较为理想的结果.     

不同插值方法绘制断面图效果分析

介绍了绘制断面图中的各种插值方法,具体包括线性插值和分段非线性插值;分析了目前使用的线性插值方法绘制断面图的不足:精度一般、不光滑;提出了用分段非线性插值绘制断面图的方法;分段非线性插值精度高、光滑性好,所以分段非线性插值绘制断面图能很好地弥补线性插值的不足,而且它在计算机处理水文数据领域有不错的应用前景。