准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系- 下侏罗统碎屑岩骨架组分及其物源与构造背景演化示踪

紧邻西准噶尔造山带的准噶尔盆地西北缘多年勘探钻揭了二叠系-下侏罗统砂砾岩地层,这为源-汇系统研究提供了较齐全的沉积记录。笔者基于砂砾岩43个岩心和37个薄片样品,采用岩心观察与镜下碎屑骨架成分统计、多类型碎屑及端元成分分析、典型物源区碎屑组合模式及特征参数分析等多种方法,对其物源类型与构造背景演化开展了全层系示踪。其砂砾岩骨架碎屑组成较为复杂,砾石成分有岩浆岩砾石(30%～80%)、沉积岩砾石(10%～40%)、变质岩砾石(0%～30%)三类;岩屑成分均以凝灰质、安山质、霏细岩类岩浆岩岩屑和砂泥岩、粉砂质粘土岩、燧石类沉积岩屑为主,仅见少量石英岩、片岩岩屑,表明本区物源主要来自岩浆岩分布区,也有遭剥蚀再沉积的物源供应。其沉积物源主要来自西准噶尔造山带(扎依尔山、哈拉阿拉特山和德仑山),沉积记录反映了物源区母岩类型、组合特征及其隆升剥蚀过程。由二叠系至下侏罗统,砾岩碎屑组分和含量变化呈现"两个组骤变、三段式增减"的特点,砂岩碎屑成分和含量也有变化,表明源-汇系统经历了多次构造抬升与沉降、深部岩石被多次暴露剥蚀与沉积的幕式演化。划分出P_1j-P_1f、P_2w、P_3w、T_1b-T_2k、J_1b-J_1s五个构造-碎屑沉积响应旋回,其中P_2w旋回和P_3w旋回,火山岩和沉积岩砾石含量彼此消长和跳跃式变化,反映构造活跃和快速堆积;P_1j-P_1f、T_1bT_2k、J_1b-J_1s三个旋回,火成岩和沉积岩砾石含量均呈由高到低减少趋势,显示早期构造活跃、晚期沉积稳定的构造-碎屑沉积响应。准噶尔盆地西北缘在二叠纪伸展—挤压→三叠纪继承性挤压→早侏罗世弱伸展的构造演化发展中,物源区构造背景经历了由弧造山带→弧造山带+冲断造山带→未切割弧造山带及碰撞造山带→切割弧造山带+冲断造山带+基底隆起区的发展演变,物源类型组合经历了由单陆源为主→陆源+内源叠加→多陆源为主→多陆源+再旋回物源混合的演化和响应。该成果为原型盆地和区域地质演化分析提供了新的依据,为油气勘探和矿产预测提供了基础资料。     

细粒含量对饱和砂土动弹性模量与阻尼比的影响研究

利用GDS循环三轴试验系统,进行一系列不同细粒含量砂土的不排水动三轴试验,研究细粒含量对饱和砂土动弹性模量与阻尼比的影响。试验结果表明,砂土的动弹性模量随细粒含量的增加而减小,但当超过细粒含量的临界值30%后,变化趋势则相反;阻尼比随着细粒含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其细粒含量的临界值也为30%。当细粒含量小于30%时,砂土的动力特性主要由粗粒决定,粗粒间形成的骨架孔隙比随细粒含量的增加而增大,相同应变水平下抵抗变形的能力随之减弱,从而使动弹性模量减小。同时,土颗粒间接触点的减少使应力波在土中传播速度变慢,使得土体对动荷载反应的滞后性增强,阻尼比随之增加;当细粒含量大于30%后,砂土的动力特性主要由细粒决定,细粒间孔隙比随着细粒含量的增加而减小,从而使砂土的动弹性模量与阻尼比呈现出相反的变化趋势     

虚拟人在国庆阅兵推演系统中的应用研究

本文简要介绍了虚拟人动画的控制实现方法;重点讨论了基于骨骼动画技术的虚拟军人动画在国庆阅兵推演系统中的应用和实现关键技术;初步探索三维场景中大数据量多目标绘制时提高虚拟军人动画渲染速度的方法.     

云纹石斑鱼与褐石斑鱼形态比较研究

对在分类上存在混乱的云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)和褐石斑鱼(E.bruneus)的外部形态和骨骼系统进行了比较研究,结果表明:两种石斑鱼的体形和体表横带等外部形态特征非常相似,但体表斑纹不同;Fisher逐步判别法分析得出两者在可量性状,如体长/肛长、背鳍基底长/臀鳍基底长和头长/眼径,可数性状,如背鳍鳍条数、鳃耙数和幽门盲囊数等方面的差异达到极显著水平(p<0.001);两者骨骼系统均由脑颅、咽颅、脊柱、肋骨和附肢骨骼组成,主轴和附肢骨骼的形态结构基本相同,但在脑颅的眶前骨和眶后骨、咽颅的前鳃盖骨和尾舌骨、附肢骨骼的髓棘间骨以及尾下骨与尾鳍鳍条连接方式等方面存在明显差异。上述形态与骨骼差异可作为两种石斑鱼种间分类的依据。研究结果确认云纹石斑鱼和褐石斑鱼为两个不同的物种。     

利用数学形态学提取骨架线的改进算法

地图数字化生产和数字地图编绘中都需要用到提取骨架线算法,如矢量化和等级变换等。提取骨架线的算法较多,基于栅格数据的算法通常采用数学形态学方法,对于矢量数据目前较有代表性的是利用约束Delau-nay三角网提取骨架线。本文给出一种利用数学形态学提取骨架线的改进算法,适用于栅格和矢量数据,并能在矢量化时建立高质量的拓扑关系,还较好地克服了数学形态学方法的缺点——节点畸变和端点内缩。实验表明该算法稳定且行之有效。     

极低屈服点软钢阻尼器恢复力模型的研究

本文通过试验和理论分析探讨极低屈服点软钢阻尼器的恢复力特性。随着塑性变形的发展将恢复力模型中的骨架曲线进行平移,其卸载曲线用Ramberg—Osgood函数来描述,由此得到的恢复力模型定义为骨架平移模型,将其应用于描述极低屈服点软钢阻尼器的恢复力特性、为了验证该馍型的有效性并确定合理的参数,对安装极低屈服点软钢阻尼器的3层钢框架结构进行了拟动力试验．同时用该骨架平移模型模拟极低屈服点软钢阻尼器的恢复力特性进行了大量的弹塑性地震反应分析,通过取用不同平移系数时的数值计算结果与拟动力试验结果的比较,发现平移系数为0．6左右时,该模型具有较高的精度。     

Coral Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca records in Con Dao Island off the Mekong Delta: Assessment of their potential for monitoring ENSO and East Asian monsoon

The climate of the South China Sea (SCS) is dominated by the East Asian monsoon (EAM) and can be related to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) owing to the interaction between ENSO and the EAM. An annually-banded coral (Porites sp.) collected from Con Dao Island in the southern SCS was measured for Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios at near-monthly resolution through the annual bands of AD 1948–1999. This island is only ~ 90 km from the Mekong Delta coast and thus significantly influenced by riverine discharge, suggesting relatively severe environmental stress on corals. The Sr/Ca time series shows a clear annual cyclicity chiefly modulated by sea-surface temperature (SST), whereas the Mg/Ca time series exhibits an indistinct annual cyclicity, indicating that the previously-proposed coral Mg/Ca thermometry is greatly disturbed. An instrumental SST record in Con Dao Island (since 1980) has been compared with the Sr/Ca time series to calibrate a Sr/Ca thermometer. The Sr/Ca vs. SST comparison shows that the Sr/Ca thermometer is sometimes disturbed by some factor and that almost all of the disturbances occur around the annual-maximum SST in the warm/wet season. The Sr/Ca data around the annual-minimum SST in the cool/dry season is almost free from the disturbance and thus useful as a SST proxy. The disturbances of the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca thermometers may be ascribed to the Mekong River discharge and its accompanying phenomena (i.e., large freshwater input, suspended-sediment loads, intense phytoplankton blooms, etc.), which are likely to disturb coral physiological processes. Applying the Sr/Ca thermometer to the whole Sr/Ca time series provides a SST reconstruction from 1948 through 1999. Reconstructed annual-minimum SSTs show a clear quasi-biennial oscillation significantly correlated with ENSO, indicating that the annual-minimum SST in the southern SCS tends to be higher (lower) in El Niño (La Niña) phases. This is compatible with previous observations that the East Asian winter monsoon is weakened (strengthened) in El Niño (La Niña) phases. The reconstructed SST record suggests a warming of 1.0 °C for the latter half of the 20th century. The Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca time series exhibit similar decadal-to-bidecadal variations, which do not seem to be primarily due to SST variability but rather due to some other factor possibly related to disturbance or fluctuation of coral physiological processes. Although both of our Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca data are affected, to a greater or lesser extent, by some non-temperature factor, a part of the Sr/Ca data provides a useful SST proxy and suggests that coral-based SST reconstruction in the southern SCS may be an effective means for monitoring the EAM and ENSO.     

Modelling the initial shear stiffness of unsaturated soils as a function of the coupled effects of the void ratio and the degree of saturation

Existing models for predicting the small strain behaviour of unsaturated soil are not capable of predicting the initial shear stiffness during suction reduction under normally consolidated conditions. This problem has been addressed in the present study by combining an existing elastoplastic model and recent experimental data to provide a new model for the initial shear stiffness. The model, which is similar to that typically adopted for saturated soils, uses the average skeleton stress and an additional function of the degree of saturation. This new model not only captures the behaviour of the new experimental results, but it also describes a unique relationship between saturated and unsaturated soils.     

重庆老鼓楼衙署遗址四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)研究报告

2012年中国十大考古发现项目、重庆市老鼓楼衙署遗址发掘中(遗址位于29°33 ′13″N,106°34 ′46″E),通过使用筛选法、水洗法提取小哺乳动物骨骼标本的考古实践,成功提取到四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)、贵州菊头蝠(Rhinolophus rex)等小哺乳动物骨骼标本.在我国古代城市遗址考古中,第一次发现了四川短尾鼩骨骼.四川短尾鼩标本的发现和研究,确认该动物在宋代时期已进入西南地区城市环境中与人类伴栖,对研究该动物适应人类城市环境、分析古代城市生态特征等具有重要意义.四川短尾鼩生态特征的综合分析工作,揭示出重庆老鼓楼衙署遗址古气候环境湿热;衙署庭院里具备有较大水源,有高大的阔叶树木遮荫,庭院地表面松软潮湿;衙署居室内采光偏少(光线较暗),可能有多种昆虫及软体动物会常进入人类居室活动;有多种小哺乳动物(如短尾鼩)伴栖于人类居室内、外,等等.该项研究工作,还从小哺乳动物骨骼标本提取、骨骼观测与鉴定方法等方面,为以后在动物考古中开展小哺乳动物研究积累了重要资料.     

利用空白区域骨架线网眼匹配多源面状居民地

多源大比例尺城市地图中,同名居民地数据间往往存在较大几何位置偏差,从而增加了居民地匹配的难度和不确定性。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种利用空白区域骨架线网眼进行居民地匹配的新方法。首先,提取空白区域骨架线,并建立空白区域骨架线网眼和居民地之间的一一映射关系,将居民地匹配转换为骨架线网眼匹配;然后,根据骨架线网眼之间的相接拓扑关系构建对偶图,计算对偶图中每个节点的各项中心性指标,并利用极化变换和层次分析法建立骨架线网眼匹配模型,获取骨架线网眼匹配结果;最后,将骨架线网眼匹配结果按照映射关系进行传递,从而得到居民地匹配结果。将居民地匹配转换为空白区域骨架线网眼匹配,并对骨架线网眼进行对偶图构建和极化变换,为匹配增加拓扑约束和相对位置约束,从而弥补几何位置的较大偏差对匹配造成的影响。对比试验及分析表明本方法能够有效解决大比例尺城市地图中几何位置偏差较大的面状居民地的匹配问题。