利用地图与单影像进行建筑物三维重建的新途径

首先利用直接线性变换(DLT）、单影像空间后方交会确定影像方位元素的初值．然后利用影像上全部建筑物的直线（特别是建筑物的铅垂线)来确定影像方位元素的精确值．以达到对多栋建筑物同时建模的目的。     

银川地区冠心病发病率气象预报模型

对银川地区冠心病与气象条件的分析表明，冠心病发病与气温、气压等气象要素有密切的关系。在相关分析的基础上，运用逐步回归方法建立冠心病周、旬发病率预报方程，为防病治病提供一些依据。     

A solution to the downward continuation effect on the geoid determined by Stokes' formula

 The analytical continuation of the surface gravity anomaly to sea level is a necessary correction in the application of Stokes' formula for geoid estimation. This process is frequently performed by the inversion of Poisson's integral formula for a sphere. Unfortunately, this integral equation corresponds to an improperly posed problem, and the solution is both numerically unstable, unless it is well smoothed, and tedious to compute. A solution that avoids the intermediate step of downward continuation of the gravity anomaly is presented. Instead the effect on the geoid as provided by Stokes' formula is studied directly. The practical solution is partly presented in terms of a truncated Taylor series and partly as a truncated series of spherical harmonics. Some simple numerical estimates show that the solution mostly meets the requests of a 1-cm geoid model, but the truncation error of the far zone must be studied more precisely for high altitudes of the computation point. In addition, it should be emphasized that the derived solution is more computer efficient than the detour by Poisson's integral. Received: 6 February 2002 / Accepted: 18 November 2002 Acknowledgements. Jonas ?gren carried out the numerical calculations and gave some critical and constructive remarks on a draft version of the paper. This support is cordially acknowledged. Also, the thorough work performed by one unknown reviewer is very much appreciated.     

一种分离暴雨过程天气尺度和次天气尺度特征的方法

作者提出利用奇异谱主分量重建技术进行气象变量场尺度分离的新构想,并设计出尺度分离的具体实施方法.使用此方法对1998年7月下旬长江流域强暴雨过程的卫星观测亮温(TBB)场进行了试验性尺度分离.结果表明,该分离技术可以将这次暴雨过程天气尺度和次天气尺度系统的基本结构清晰地分离出来.在天气尺度场上,长江流域呈现出明显的切变线上连续性对流云系的特征.在次天气尺度场上,可以清楚地显现出偶极子系统的演变特征,其活动与暴雨过程有很好的对应.     

判断观测值粗差能否发现和定位的一种验前方法

由于最小二乘(LS)残差统计相关，使得粗差发现和定位关系变得相当复杂，且至今未见有效的理论和方法。作者依据在LS平差前进行粗差发现和定位的思路，有意避开LS残差统计相关的难题，从条件平差模型推导出粗差判断方程(GEJE)Vr＝JVt Wc建立起以上式判断矩阵J为基础的粗差发现和定位的判断准则：1．不能发现含有粗差的观测量；2．能发现含有粗差但不能定位粗差的观测量。通过算例的检验，证明了判断矩阵J与控制网中观测量数据结构的对应关系，同时说明粗差不能定位的观测量，再好的粗差检测方法也无法正确定位粗差。     

Evaluating a Model of Evaporation and Transpiration with Observations in a Partially Wet Douglas-Fir Forest

The Penman–Monteith equation is extended to describe evaporation of intercepted rain, transpiration and the interaction between these processes in a single explicit function. This single-layer model simulates the effects of heat exchange, stomatal blocking and changed humidity deficit close to the canopy as a function of canopywater storage. Evaporation depends on the distribution of water over the canopy and the energy exchange between wet and dry parts. Transpiration depends on the dry canopy surface resistance that is described with a Jarvis-type response. The explicit functions obtained for water vapour fluxes facilitate a straightforward identificationof the various processes. Canopy water storage amounts and xylem sapflow were measured simultaneously during drying episodes after rainfall in a dense, partially wet, Douglas-fir forest. Estimates of evaporation and transpiration rates are derived from these observations. The analysis shows that evaporation induced transpirationreduction is mainly caused by energy consumption. Changes in water vapour deficit have a minor effect due to a compensating stomatal reaction. The remaining difference between observed and modelled transpiration reduction can be attributed to partial blocking of stomata by the water layer.     

The BDS statistic and residual test

 The conventional nonparametric tests have been widely used in many fields for the residual analysis of a fitted model on observations. Also, in recent, a new technique called the BDS (Brock–Dechert–Scheinkman) statistic has been shown that it can be used as a powerful tool for the residual analysis, especially, of a nonlinear system. The purpose of this study is to compare the powers of the nonparametric tests and BDS statistic by residual analysis of the fitted models. This study evaluates stochastic models for four monthly rainfalls in Korea through the residual analysis by using the conventional nonparametric and BDS statistics. We use SARIMA and AR Error models for fitting each rainfall and perform the residual analysis by using the test techniques. As a result, we find that the BDS statistic is more reasonable than the conventional nonparametric tests for the residual analysis and AR Error model may be more appropriate than SARIMA model for modeling of monthly rainfalls. This work was supported by grant No. R01-2001-000-00474-0 from the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation.     

求解波动方程的任意差分精细积分法

在地震偏移成像技术中，常常要反向外推波场，因此涉及到波动方程的数值求解问题。本文提出了一种求解偏微分方程的新的半解析方法——任意差分精细积分(ADPI)法。其大体思路是：空间域上作坐标离散，但不采用古典差分法的等分离散方式，而是一种相对自由的、任意的离散法；时间域上则采用子域精细积分的方法，既保留了精细积分法的高精度，又克服了工作量大、占用存储大等缺点。该方法具有精度高、带宽小、稳定性好等多项突出优点，并且可以灵括处理各类边界条件。本文从简单一维、较普遍一维、以及二维3种情形讨论该方法对波动方程的具体应用，结合实际的算例，详细分析了各种算法的可行性和精度特点。     

Mathematical and Image Analysis of Stromatolite Morphogenesis

Stromatolites are internally laminated organosedimentary structures that result from the environmental interactions of Benthic Microbial Communities. They have been traditionally described and classified either by quasi-Linnean taxonomic systems or by morphometric schemes. Neither of these approaches has proved entirely satisfactory. The application of the mathematics of evolving surfaces provides a promising alternative for the modelling and classification of stromatolites in terms of their morphogenesis. The suggestion of Grotzinger and Rothman that stromatolite-growth in general could be attributed to a combination of four processes that constitute the variables of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation has been analyzed and found to be an oversimplification. While some stromatolites can be characterized in this way, because of local growth effects, the majority of stromatolite forms exhibit nonlocal growth characteristic of Laplacian growth. Work is being undertaken to model such growth.     

含氮污水净化的数学模型及其实例模拟

含水层中氮污染已经是相当普遍的问题。本文分析了含水层中水流运动、对流－弥散作用、物理化学吸附和生物化学反应等对污染物运移的影响，特别是阐述了含水层中NO3^-、NO2^-、NH4^ 三种形式之间的转化关系，在此基础上，探讨了这些物理、化学和生物作用导致的物质转化过程定量描述的数学模式。