我国矿物晶体结构与晶体化学研究进展及新成果(2000-2019)

矿物的晶体结构与晶体化学是矿物学的重要基础研究领域之一,21世纪以来,随着国家对地勘行业的重视,以及平面探测技术单晶衍射仪、微区、微量衍射等实验技术的应用与计算机软硬件能力的提高,我国矿物晶体结构与晶体化学研究得到飞速发展.矿物晶体结构测定与研究是伴随着新矿物的发现而发展的,新矿物的发现是矿物晶体结构研究的基石,又为新...     

大连湾近海表层沉积物矿物组合分布特征及其物源环境

对大连湾、大窑湾外近海表层沉积物进行了黏土矿物X射线衍射分析以及轻矿物的分离和鉴定,根据其组合分布特征,探讨了该区沉积物中黏土矿物和轻矿物的来源,并对沉积环境及其主控因素进行了初步分析。结果表明:研究区黏土矿物主要由伊利石(59%)、蒙皂石(20%)、绿泥石(16%)和高岭石(5%)组成,研究区西部伊利石较高,而东部绿泥石较高,蒙皂石有向湾内富集的趋势。轻矿物由斜长石(45%)、石英(34%)、钾长石(10%)、绿泥石(8%)、白云母(2%)和方解石(0.4%)组成,呈东西向条带状分布,与沉积物粒度分布特征较为一致。矿物分布受潮流、地形影响明显,研究区北部近岸水下岸坡区,水动力条件较强,沉积物粒度较粗,矿物组合以长石、石英富集为特征;向南水深增加,东部为一水下台地,矿物组合以白云母、绿泥石含量高为特征;研究区南部水深增加,又出现一水下岸坡,其下地形趋于平坦,因受出入渤海的潮流和进入渤海的黄海暖流的影响,水动力条件最强,沉积物粒度较粗,长石含量最高,轻矿物含量高。研究区潮流、地形对矿物组成、组合和含量具有控制作用。北部水下岸坡及以内近岸浅水区沉积物粒度较粗,轻矿物含量低,石英、长石含量高,物质主要来自沿岸侵蚀及...     

On the unusual holocene carbonate sediment in lake Nam Co, central Tibet

In lacustrine sediments, aragonite is a widespread mineral, whereas monohydrocalcite is a rare carbonate mineral. In the cold and high-attitude Xizang （Tibetan） Plateau, where aragonite has been commonly found in lacustrine sediments, there is no aragonite, but low-Mg calcite, monohydrocalcite and trace dolomite. The lake receives solutes primarily from surface runoffs and remains fairly constant water chemistry for a long time. The total CaCO3 percentage in sediments could be controlled by evaporation and inflow of detrital materials. The absence of aragonite is unusual when compared to other lacustrine sediments from the Tibetan Plateau. This could be due to low Ca/Mg ratio, low salinity, low Mg and Ca concentration. Monohydrocalcite might precipitate from the lake water mediated by biological activities. Low-Mg calcite originated from minor ostracoda shell and the precipitation of lake water with biological activities.     

矿物结晶过程中的声子波浪及其作用

采用 Bose量子统计方法 ,对矿物结晶过程中声子波浪的作用进行了详细讨论 ,得到了晶体生长的动力学数学模型 ,并指出外界能源的供给对晶体生长和构型有着重要的影响。讨论结果表明 ,纵声子波浪起主导作用 ,它会产生相应的化学波浪     

Sediment dynamics in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean during the last deglaciation — The clay mineral group smectite perspective

This study focuses on sedimentological investigations of sediment cores recovered during the international Arctic′91, expeditions with the German research ice breaker RV “Polarstern” to the European sector of the Arctic Ocean. Here, we deduce the last glacial/interglacial changes in transport mechanism and sedimentation from the clay mineral group smectite. We choose the smectites as an example of how sediment mineralogy can be linked with particular source regions (the Kara and Laptev seas), distinct transport mechanism (sea ice and surface currents) and sedimentation processes. Smectite contents in Arctic sediments discussed for two time slices, including the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and the last deglaciation (Termination I), reveal the highest variability subsequent to the retreat of the Eurasian ice sheets. Our results show that smectite anomalies in the Eurasian Basin are associated with distinct meltwater pulses and occurred around 13.5–13.0 ¹⁴C ka B.P. Compelling evidence is provided that these anomalies are deduced from sea-ice entrained sediments from the eastern Kara Sea that entered the Arctic Ocean after ice-sheet break-up and eventually flooding of the Kara Sea. We propose that smectite anomalies in sediments of the eastern Arctic Ocean can be utilized to identify deglacial events and to help decipher configurations of the Eurasian ice sheets. The identification of smectite maxima along the modern sea-ice edge in the Eurasian Basin further indicates biologically enhanced sedimentation from melting sea ice allowing the reconstruction of seasonally open water in the region. Hence, considering the poor preservation conditions of primary paleoceanographic proxies in the Arctic Ocean, the clay mineral contents, particularly the smectite group, may be one alternative tool for paleoclimatic reconstruction in the Eurasian Basin.     

下扬子区地壳波浪运动

本文从沉积建造及其接触关系、分布和厚度变化,分析了下场子区震旦纪以来地壳波浪运动以及与矿产之关系。地壳波浪运动经历了波状运动(Z—J_(1-2))→波褶运动(J_2)→波断运动(K-E)三个不同的发展阶段,形成不同矿产。波浪运动的特点是具有继承性、迁移性、新生性阶段性。     

首次在白云鄂博铁矿发现的矿物种述评

上世纪后半叶,在白云鄂博铁矿究竟首次发现的矿物种是多少?对此,地质学家们有不同的说法,大体上有15、19、4和16种之异。本着客观、平允的立场,作者的统计是9种新矿物。迄今,该矿业已发现的新矿物共计有14种之多。在对这些新矿物稍加评述的基础上,初步总结了白云鄂博铁矿新矿物研究的经验、教训。顺便展望其新矿物发现前景。     

鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产分布特征与协同勘探

鄂尔多斯盆地富含油、气、煤、铀等多种能源矿产。多种能源矿产在空间上具有一定的分布规律和组合形式,在时序上具有较为一致的矿产富集和后期保存、改造时期,在成因上具有一定的成生关系。结合多能源矿产的成矿背景、成藏(矿)机理、赋存规律、勘探理论与实践等,基于经济效益最大化和勘探方法最优化原则,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产的协同勘探模式,将盆地划分为7个协同勘探区,每一个勘探区以某一种或两种矿产为主探,兼探其他矿产。在协同勘探模式的基础上,针对不同协同勘探区,制定了相应的协同勘探方法,为多种能源矿产协同勘探的实施奠定了理论基础。     

松辽盆地南部HX井上白垩统青山口组黑色泥岩的矿物组成与自生微晶石英成因

泥质岩的矿物组成和成岩作用是制约其作为CO₂地质封存的盖层封闭能力和作为页岩气储层具易压裂性质的重要原因。通过地球化学分析、X-射线衍射分析和扫描电镜观测及能谱测定,确定了松辽盆地南部HX井上白垩统青山口组泥岩的矿物组成,识别出了蒙皂石转变伊利石反应过程中形成的亚微米级自生微晶石英。研究表明：HX井上白垩统青山口组泥岩的母岩岩石类型和风化效应一致,泥岩主要由黏土矿物、钠长石和石英组成,钾长石少量;黏土矿物以伊利石/蒙皂石混层为主,其次为绿泥石;脆性矿物（钠长石、石英和钾长石）的平均质量分数为44.43%,黏土矿物平均质量分数为54.26%。蒙皂石转变伊利石反应过程中形成的亚微米级微晶石英单晶呈自形－半自形粒状,集合体呈巢状,分布于伊利石/蒙皂石混层黏土矿物的微孔隙中。以伊利石/蒙皂石混层矿物为主、且存在一定量的自生微晶石英的泥岩盖层（例如HX井青山口组泥岩）将有助于注入CO₂的长期封存。HX井青山口组泥岩中的脆性矿物含量符合工业价值页岩气的储层标准,而黏土矿物含量则相差较多。     

区域矿产预测图及综合解释模型

区域矿产预测图的编制过程,也是矿产预测的过程。包括三项主要内容：第一是地质构造专题底图的编制;第二是物化遥多元信息的地质解释;第三是综合信息的统计分析。三项内容相互联系,贯穿始终,共同促进图件成果的完善。以成矿系列为指导,以成矿地质作用及其产物为研究对象,分矿产预测方法类型,分别阐述了区域矿产预测图的编图、解释和统计要点,提出矿产预测图编制的综合解释模型。