马氏珠母贝金黄壳色选育群体与养殖群体不同组织中矿物质元素的分析与评价

为评估马氏珠母贝金黄壳色选育群体与养殖群体不同组织中矿物质元素的异同,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对以上2个群体的5个组织(外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌、足和性腺-内脏团)中钙(Ca)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)和锌(Zn)含量进行检测分析,并比较2个群体矿物质元素含量的差异及马氏珠母贝各组织间含量的差异。结果发现:(1)外套膜的Ca含量显著高于性腺-内脏团和闭壳肌;足的Cu含量显著高于闭壳肌和外套膜;在外套膜和鳃上的Mg含量显著高于足、性腺-内脏团和闭壳肌;性腺-内脏团和足上的Mn含量显著高于闭壳肌、鳃和外套膜;性腺-内脏团上的Fe和Zn含量显著高于足、鳃和闭壳肌。(2)闭壳肌中Ca、Mn和Zn在金黄壳色选育群体中含量显著高于养殖群体,Cu、Fe和Mg含量在2个群体间不存在显著性差异。(3)性腺-内脏团和足中Zn在金黄壳色选育群体中含量均显著高于养殖群体,Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg和Mn含量在2个群体间均不存在显著性差异。(4)鳃中各矿物质元素含量在2个群体间不存在显著性差异。(5)外套膜中Fe、Mn和Zn在金黄壳色选育群体的含量显著高于养殖群体,Cu在...     

Microfabric and rock properties of experimentally compressed silt-clay mixtures

Oedometric mechanical compaction tests were performed on brine-saturated synthetic samples consisting of silt-clay mixtures to study changes in microfabric and rock properties as a function of effective stress. The silt consisted of crushed quartz (∼100%) with grain size range between 4 and 40 μm, whereas the clay consisted of 81% kaolinite, 14% mica/illite and 5% microcline of grain size between 0.4 and 30 μm. Five sample pairs ranging in composition from pure silt to pure clay were compacted to 5 and 50 MPa effective stress respectively. SEM studies were carried out to investigate microfabric changes in the mechanically compacted silt-clay mixtures. The degree of alignment of the different minerals present (quartz, mica/illite and kaolinite) were computed by using an image analysis software. Experimental compaction have measured the changes in the rock properties such as porosity and velocity as a function of effective stress for different mixtures of clay and silt. Clay-rich samples showed a higher degree of mineral orientation and lower porosity compared to silt-dominated samples as a function of effective stress. Pure clay sample had 11% porosity at 50 MPa effective stress whereas the pure silt sample retained about 29% porosity at the same effective stress. The experiments showed that low porosity down to 11% is possible by mechanical compaction only. A systematic increase in strain was observed in the silt-clay mixtures with increasing clay content but the porosity values found for the 50:50 silt-clay mixture were lower than that of 25:75 silt-clay mixture. No preferential mineral orientation is expected before compaction owing to the high initial porosity suggesting that the final fabric is a direct result of the effective stress. Both P- and S-wave velocities increased in all silt-clay mixtures with increasing effective stress. The maximum P- and S-wave velocities were observed in the 25:75 silt-clay mixture whereas the minimum Vp and Vs were recorded in the pure silt mixture. At 50 MPa effective stress P- wave velocities as high as 3 km/s resulted from experimental mechanical compaction alone. The results show that fine-grained sediment porosity and velocity are dependent on microfabric, which in turn is a function of grain size distribution, particle shape, sediment composition and stress. At 5 MPa effective stress, quartz orientation increased as a function of the amount of clay indicating that clay facilitate rotation of angular quartz grains. Adding clay from 25% to 75% in the silt-clay mixtures at 50 MPa effective stress decreased the quartz alignment. The clay mineral orientation increased by increasing both the amount of clay and the effective stress, the mica/illite fabric alignment being systematically higher than that of kaolinite. Even small amount of silt (25%) added to pure clay reduced the degree of clay alignment significantly. This study demonstrates that experimental compaction of well characterized synthetic mudstones can be a useful tool to understand microfabric and rock properties of shallow natural mudstones where mechanical compaction is the dominant process.     

21世纪初期河南省非金属矿找矿方向探讨

本文概述了非金属矿的开发应用前景及市场需求状况,分析了河南省非金属矿的成矿规律、主要成矿系列及时空分布特点,探讨了石膏、岩盐、天然碱、硅灰石、透辉石、透闪石、萤石、硅藻土、水镁石、锂辉石、海泡石等若干非金属矿种的找矿方向。     

加强非金属矿产在水污染防治中的应用研究

利用部分非金属矿产的特有性能处理污水,往往能取得事半功倍的效果。工业化国家在这方面的研究比较广泛和深入,而我国比较落后。因此,需要广大的环保、地矿科技人员迅速行动起来,加强非金属矿产在污水处理中的应用研究,以保护我们的水环境,造福于人民。     

鸡西-延吉地层分区饶河小区的锰矿地质特征

宝清—饶河一带中生代地层中深海相硅质岩和浊积岩分布区的锰元素地球化学异常较多,并发现了一些原岩光谱的高值点和锰矿化线素。加强对本区锰元素化探异常的研究和加大对锰矿的勘查力度就显得尤为重要。     

东海中南部海域表层沉积物碎屑重矿物组合分区及其物源分析

对东海中南部海域表层沉积物进行了重矿物鉴定,探讨了其物质来源,并对沉积环境及其主控因素进行了分析。研究区碎屑重矿物共有40余种,还有少量岩屑和风化碎屑。暗色重矿物含量高值出现在100 m以深的东海外陆架,浙闽近海一带暗色重矿物含量低。稳定重矿物含量与离岸距离有一定的相关性,从内陆架到外陆架,含量有逐步增加的趋势。云母类矿物高值集中于浙闽近海内陆架一带;自生黄铁矿也集中浙闽近海水深50 m以浅的内陆架,说明该区水动力偏弱, 主要为还原环境。聚类分析表明,研究区划为2个分区。Ⅰ区包括浙闽近海海域和台湾海峡中西部海域,水深在60 m以浅,主要是长江物质在沿岸流作用下向南搬运沉积。Ⅱ区包括东海中外陆架、陆坡以及冲绳海槽的部分海域,水深多在80 m以深,其物源来自东亚大陆,形成于晚更新世低海平面时期。     

摩洛哥成矿地质背景与主要矿产资源

摩洛哥受西非克拉通、大西洋和阿尔卑斯造山带三大构造域的联合作用, 其构造历史久远, 太古宙至新元古代早期西非克拉通的构造演化、泛非期构造岩浆活动、早古生代克拉通边缘的裂解与海西造山, 以及中新生代构造活动在该区均有反应。受这种构造背景的控制, 摩洛哥的矿床分布具有一定的时空规律, 太古宙克拉通基底、伊比鲁利亚期岩基及泛非期构造带均有银、铁、铀、钽、铌、金、铜和稀土等矿产出露, 加里东期有沉积型铁矿床产出, 海西期有重要的VMS型铅-锌-铜矿床和矽卡岩型矿床产出, 阿尔卑斯期有磷矿、MVT型铅-锌矿和重晶石矿等产出。沉积成矿作用、岩浆热液成矿作用及构造热液成矿作用在摩洛哥都有显著体现, 最主要的矿产类型为磷酸盐矿、银矿、MVT型铅-锌矿及重晶石矿。     

有机酸对致密砂岩中黏土矿物的选择性溶蚀研究

提升致密背景下相对优质储层预测的能力,是当今油气勘探开发理论亟待破解的瓶颈和难题。致密油气储层的非均质性强,黏土矿物含量高且是吸附油接触最多的矿物之一。有机酸对黏土矿物的溶蚀影响,是实现致密油高效开采的关键。本文选择鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为研究对象,通过有机酸与砂岩的溶蚀模拟实验,对实验产物进行pH值、阳离子检测、孔隙度和渗透率测试以及扫描电镜观察。探讨了时间、温度和不同有机酸类型对黏土矿物的溶蚀影响。实验结果显示：①随时间的增长（1~9d）,孔隙度增幅呈先增长后降低的趋势,渗透率的增幅呈持续增长趋势;温度升高（80~95℃）对有机酸溶蚀致密砂岩中的黏土矿物具有促进作用;②不同类型的有机酸对黏土矿物具有选择性溶蚀作用。酒石酸溶蚀大量黏土矿物、碎屑长石以及少量方解石胶结物;乙酸则相反,主要溶蚀方解石;甲酸、乙酸和丙酸配比的合酸以及甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和酒石酸配比的合酸溶液,均优先溶蚀绿泥石化、泥化的长石和方解石,直至方解石完全溶解;③不同类型的有机酸对储层物性的改造能力不同,甲酸对孔隙度的改善不明显,乙酸和丙酸对孔隙度改善明显,合酸对孔隙度的影响是单一酸改善的综合反映。综合分析,有机酸流体与致密砂岩的溶蚀反应机理主要为两种：①有机酸流体提供氢离子,溶蚀致密砂岩中的易溶矿物;②有机酸直接与致密砂岩矿物发生络合反应,影响络合物稳定性的因素主要是有机酸种类和pH值。乙酸、甲酸、丙酸和酒石酸等不同类型的有机酸对致密砂岩中黏土矿物的选择性溶蚀,对储层物性影响程度不一致。     

新疆哈拉奇地区地面高精度磁测异常及解释

新疆哈拉奇地区位于西南天山与塔里木盆地接触部位,属于航空磁法测量的边缘区,未开展过地面物探工作。此次开展地面高精度磁测工作,划分了6个区域磁异常区,圈定了3处次级高磁异常和1处局部高磁异常。推断区域磁异常由隐伏基性侵入岩、基底引起,次级高磁异常由构造引起,局部异常由矿体引起。磁异常解释为地质研究、寻找磁性矿产提供了参考依据。     

纳米探矿——用地气携带的纳米物质勘查隐伏矿

矿体周围广泛赋存着纳米物质,其可在地球排气的作用下从深部向地表迁移。在地表或地表附近可俘获这些纳米物质,这些纳米物质与矿体发出的直接信息密切相关。通过对其成分或聚集态等进行分析,可勘查隐伏矿。本文介绍了纳米探矿的应用现状和一些实例,探讨了该技术所存在的问题,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。