渤海湾西岸全新世以来沉积物地球化学与黏土矿物特征及其对环境和气候的响应

通过对渤海湾西岸BXZK11孔沉积物黏土矿物、地球化学元素组分、粒度分析以及AMS14C年代测定并与研究区周边6个具有较好年龄控制的钻孔剖面对比,结合黏土矿物蒙脱石/(伊利石+绿泥石)比值以及元素Al/Si和Al/Na比值对气候变化的响应,探讨了渤海湾西岸地区全新世以来沉积环境以及气候变化过程.结果表明,末次盛冰期到8...     

自然金—银类质同象系列矿物晶胞参数变化规律及其表述方程

本文提出了自然金—银类质同象系列矿物晶胞参数与金、银原子数百分比成二次函数关系,并推导出了表示二者之间函数关系的方程式。利用该方程式,可以用金原子数百分比计算出晶胞参数,反之亦然。并首次将其应用在自然金—银类质同象系列矿物的研究中。     

新疆焉耆盆地早侏罗世八道湾期原始沉积边界探讨

新疆焉耆盆地是一中、新生代盆地,通过对盆地下侏罗统八道湾组野外调研及地层岩石化学特征分析,笔者认为其物源区位于盆地北部,碎屑由北向南搬运,在北部为粗碎屑堆积,南部为细碎屑堆积;盆地北部为辫状河相沉积,南部为滨浅湖相沉积;最新完成的磷灰石裂变径迹数据显示西、南、北缘山体隆升较晚;在盆地周缘山体上,现今仍残留有侏罗纪地层;这都显示盆地原始沉积边界比现今盆地要广。通过以上分析及与库车盆地对比发现,两者于八道湾期是相连通的,为塔里木大型盆地的一部分。     

脑膜瘤旁巨型矿化灶矿物成分分析

脑膜瘤旁复发性巨大矿化灶是罕见的病例,对其中矿物成分的分析可能会对肿瘤复发病因的研究提供辅助信息。本文利用X射线物相分析、红外光谱分析、环境扫描电镜观察和高分辨透射电镜观察分析等方法,对该矿化灶样品的矿物成分进行了分析。结果表明,该矿化灶的矿物颗粒大小统计值约为4.3nm,主要成分为碳酸磷灰石,笔者推测可能还含有少量不定形的磷酸钙系列其他矿物。     

Thermal expansion of ZnSiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> high-pressure phases

Thermal expansion of ZnSiO₃ high-pressure clinopyroxene and ilmenite phases was measured in the temperature range 100–620 K by the X-ray powder diffraction method. Interpolation and extrapolation of experimental data were performed by the procedure based on the Debye-Mie-Gruneisen theory in the range from 50 to 1,500 K. Temperature dependencies of molar volumes and coefficients of bulk thermal expansion of ZnSiO₃ phases were determined.     

自然伽马能谱测井资料在确定粘土矿物含量中的应用

由于自然伽马能谱测井(NGS)的放射性元素U、Th、K的含量与粘土矿物有着密切的关系,所以可利用NGS定性或定量确定油气储层粘土矿物含量。阐述了自然伽马能谱测井资料在确定粘土矿物含量中的地质依据,建立了研究地层粘土矿物含量的计算模型。由研究油田的NGS测井资料计算并对比了粘土矿物的含量,最终得到很好的效果。     

Dust emission from wet and dry playas in the Mojave Desert,USA

The interactions between playa hydrology and playa‐surface sediments are important factors that control the type and amount of dust emitted from playas as a result of wind erosion. The production of evaporite minerals during evaporative loss of near‐surface ground water results in both the creation and maintenance of several centimeters or more of loose sediment on and near the surfaces of wet playas. Observations that characterize the texture, mineralogic composition and hardness of playa – surfaces at Franklin Lake, Soda Lake and West Cronese Lake playas in the Mojave Desert (California), along with imaging of dust emission using automated digital photography, indicate that these kinds of surface sediment are highly susceptible to dust emission. The surfaces of wet playas are dynamic surface texture and sediment availability to wind erosion change rapidly, primarily in response to fluctuations in water‐table depth, rainfall and rates of evaporation. In contrast, dry playas are characterized by ground water at depth. Consequently, dry playas commonly have hard surfaces that produce little or no dust if undisturbed except for transient silt and clay deposited on surfaces by wind and water. Although not the dominant type of global dust, salt‐rich dusts from wet playas may be important with respect to radiative properties of dust plumes, atmospheric chemistry, windborne nutrients and human health. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Compositions of heavy minerals in Northeastern China sandlands and provenance analysis

Sand samples deposited since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from the Hulun Buir, Horqin and Otin-dag sandlands were measured for their assemblages of heavy minerals and chemical compositions of detrital garnets and tourmalines. Heavy mineral assemblages of these three sandlands consist mainly of garnet, ilmenite, epidote and minor amphibole and magnetite. Garnets consist mainly of high Mg type-A ones (58% on average), and minor type-B ones. Toumalines are mainly composed of Mg-rich and minor Fe-rich ones. Compared with those of central-southern Mongolia and central Tarim, these three sandlands are derived from the Phanerozoic rocks of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and the Archean and Paleoprotorozoic basement rocks of the North China Craton. Our results provide direct evidence that the present-day sands may be reworked from LGM ones. Differences of heavy mineral composi-tions occur between the samples of the three sandlands and Taklimakan Desert, indicating that the material of the western arid regions contributes little to the eastern sandlands.     

From the green color of eskolaite to the red color of ruby: an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study

The best known cause for colors in insulating minerals is due to transition metal ions as impurities. As an example, Cr³⁺ is responsible for the red color of ruby (α-Al₂O₃:Cr³⁺) and the green color of eskolaite (α-Cr₂O₃). Using X-ray absorption measurements, we connect the colors of the Cr _x Al_2−x O₃ series with the structural and electronic local environment around Cr. UV–VIS electronic parameters, such as the crystal field and the Racah parameter B, are related to those deduced from the analysis of the isotropic and XMCD spectra at the Cr L_2,3-edges in Cr_0.07Al_1.93O₃ and eskolaite. The Cr–O bond lengths are extracted by EXAFS at the Cr K-edge in the whole Cr _x Al_2−x O₃ (0.07≤x< 2) solid solution series. The variation of the mean Cr–O distance between Cr_0.07Al_1.93O₃ and α-Cr₂O₃ is evaluated to be 0.01₅ Å (≈1%). The variation of the crystal field in the Cr _x Al_2−x O₃ series is discussed in relation with the variation of the averaged Cr–O distances.     

粘土矿物碱耗协同效应研究

选择蒙脱石,高岭石,伊利石等三种在储层中最党风的储层粘土矿物,两两分别按２Ｌ：０,１：１,０：２质量配比组成复配物系列;在３０℃、５０℃温度下按１：５,１：８,１：１０（ｇ／ｍｌ）固／液比分别与１．６％的Ｎａ２ＣＯ３深液反应８ｈ,３６０ｈ;监测反应前后碱液浓度的变化;计算了各条件下各自的绝对碱耗量。结果表明三种粘土矿物中蒙脱石耗碱最大,高蛉石的耗碱量与伊利石的接近;随着固／液比减小和温度升高,矿物