微量元素及重矿物判别分析在西昆仑山前第三系划分对比中的应用

采用微量元素和重矿物判别分析方法解决百昆仑山前长期未解决的红色哑地层划分对比问题。微量元素和重矿物与沉积环境及物源性质密切相关。不同时期，不同水系（物源区）的沉积岩具有不同的重矿物和微量元素特征。在西昆仑山前初步建立了３条微量元素和重矿物标准剖面，每条剖面均建立了划分组段的微量元素和重矿物两套判别函数。用以解决地面或井下未知层位样品的判别归属问题，经地面和井下验证取得初步成效。     

Crystal chemical properties of synthetic lazulite–scorzalite solid-solution series

Members of the lazulite–scorzalite (MgAl₂- (PO₄)₂(OH)₂-FeAl₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂) solid-solution series were synthesized in compositional steps of 12.5?mol% at T?=?485?°C and P?=?0.3?GPa under hydrothermal conditions and controlled oxygen fugacities of the Ni/NiO-buffer. X-ray powder diffraction and ⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer studies show that under these conditions a complete solid-solution series is formed which is characterized by the substitution of Mg²⁺ and Fe²⁺ on the octahedral Me ²⁺ site. The ⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer spectra which reveal the presence of both ferrous and ferric iron and the compositional data were interpreted in terms of a defect model with a distribution of the ferric ions over both the Me ²⁺ and the Al³⁺ positions and vacancies on the Me ²⁺ site. The ⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer parameters of the synthetic compounds correspond to those of natural lazulites except for the total absorption ratio of the ferric iron A(Fe³⁺)/(A(Fe³⁺)+A(Fe²⁺)), which is significantly higher in natural lazulites of the same composition. The total absorption ratio of the ferric iron increases from 4% in pure scorzalite to 15% in a Mg-rich solid-solution with x _Fe ?=?12(1)%     

土耳其火山沉积硼矿床成矿条件综述

土耳其硼酸盐矿床,集中分布在该国西北的西安拉托尼亚地区。重要矿床有比加迪奇、凯斯特莱克、苏丹泽里、埃默特和基尔卡。这些矿床均发育于障壁山间盆地第三纪浅水湖相沉积中,是干旱、半干旱气候条件下非海洋环境的产物。除碳酸盐、硼酸盐等化学沉积之外,山间盆地还广泛接受碎屑沉积,如砾岩、砂岩、粘土、泥岩,以及大量火山碎屑岩、凝灰岩、层凝灰岩等。矿床不同,沉积学特征亦异,但第三纪沉积均具明显的旋回性或韵律性。所有矿床均与火山活动伴生,二者的密切程度超过世界任何硼酸盐矿床。中国辽吉硼矿带的火山沉积变质硼矿床,也许在变质前与前者在矿化上具有共性,只是后者强调了“变质”成矿。     

湘东北雁林寺金矿床成矿物质来源及成矿流体类型

雁林寺金矿位于雪峰弧形构造带(江南造山带湖南段)东段,是湘东北地区一个较为典型的金矿床。本文在前人研究的基础上,统计分析了矿区不同地质体Au元素含量、稀土元素地球化学、微量元素地球化学特征,对比研究了矿区含金石英的H-O同位素、Sr同位素地球化学特征及成矿流体组成特征。提出赋矿围岩冷家溪群浊积岩在沉积阶段就具有明显的金富集。矿区矿石、(矿化)蚀变围岩、未蚀变围岩稀土、微量元素地球化学特征呈现出高度相似性。含金石英的H-O同位素地球化学、Sr同位素地球化学及成矿流体成分特征表明成矿流体为变质流体。综合矿区地质特征、不同地质体金含量、稀土-微量元素地球化学特征、H-O同位素、Sr同位素及成矿流体成分特征,认为地层中的金元素为雁林寺金矿床提供了成矿物质。     

哈密尾亚地区花岗岩类副矿物特征对比

壳－幔混合源型、壳源高铝型、深源碱性型等不同成因的花岗岩类，在演化过程中，其副矿物组合特征是不同的。主要表现在磁铁矿与钛铁矿，锆石与磷灰石之间的含量及比值，以及花岗岩形成演化到中－晚期时，褐帘石、萤石、独居石、石榴石等的出现及其含量多少，在副矿物组合图上表现出不同的曲线形态。尤其锆石晶体形态（在皮藩“ｐｕｐｉｎ”群型图上）的分布位置，与花岗岩成因类型密切相关。锆石的晶面、晶棱特点，可直接反映花岗岩时代的新老。而锆石晶体的长短轴之比、包裹体特征和磷灰石的晶面、晶棱特点、包裹体特征等，在不同代，不同成因类型的花岗岩中都有区别，均具有对比意义。     

Neoformation of montmorillonite by post-depositional subsurface weathering in a slope deposit in central France

Observations on an Early Quaternary slope deposit in the Massif Central indicated that the texture and mineralogy of this deposit have been seriously altered by post-depositional subsurface weathering. Analyses of clay fractions and water samples show that the montmorillonite present is a stable mineral in this environment and is, and has been, newly formed. As shown by water analyses from nearby sites, the chemical environment is strongly dependent on local factors. Consequently it can be seen that great care should be taken firstly in correlating different slope deposits on the basis of texture and clay mineralogy and secondly in using these parameters as (paleo) climatic indicators.     

The Evolution of the Upper Mantle beneath the Canary Islands: Information from Trace Elements and Sr isotope Ratios in Minerals in Mantle Xenoliths

Laser ablation microprobe data are presented for olivine, orthopyroxeneand clinopyroxene in spinel harzburgite and lherzolite xenolithsfrom La Palma, Hierro, and Lanzarote, and new whole-rock trace-elementdata for xenoliths from Hierro and Lanzarote. The xenolithsshow evidence of strong major, trace element and Sr isotopedepletion (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0·7027 in clinopyroxene in themost refractory harzburgites) overprinted by metasomatism. Thelow Sr isotope ratios are not compatible with the former suggestionof a mantle plume in the area during opening of the AtlanticOcean. Estimates suggest that the composition of the originaloceanic lithospheric mantle beneath the Canary Islands correspondsto the residues after 25–30% fractional melting of primordialmantle material; it is thus significantly more refractory than‘normal’ mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle. Thetrace element compositions and Sr isotopic ratios of the mineralsleast affected by metasomatization indicate that the upper mantlebeneath the Canary Islands originally formed as highly refractoryoceanic lithosphere during the opening of the Atlantic Oceanin the area. During the Canarian intraplate event the uppermantle was metasomatized; the metasomatic processes includecryptic metasomatism, resetting of the Sr–Nd isotopicratios to values within the range of Canary Islands basalts,formation of minor amounts of phlogopite, and melt–wall-rockreactions. The upper mantle beneath Tenerife and La Palma isstrongly metasomatized by carbonatitic or carbonaceous meltshighly enriched in light rare earth elements (REE) relativeto heavy REE, and depleted in Zr–Hf and Ti relative toREE. In the lithospheric mantle beneath Hierro and Lanzarote,metasomatism has been relatively weak, and appears to be causedby high-Si melts producing concave-upwards trace element patternsin clinopyroxene with weak negative Zr and Ti anomalies. Ti–Al–Fe-richharzburgites/lherzolites, dunites, wehrlites and clinopyroxenitesformed from mildly alkaline basaltic melts (similar to thosethat dominate the exposed parts of the islands), and appearto be mainly restricted to magma conduits; the alkali basaltmelts have caused only local metasomatism in the mantle wall-rocksof such conduits. The various metasomatic fluids formed as theresults of immiscible separations, melt–wall-rock reactionsand chromatographic fractionation either from a CO₂-rich basalticprimary melt, or, alternatively, from a basaltic and a siliceouscarbonatite or carbonaceous silicate melt. KEY WORDS: mantle xenoliths; mantle minerals; trace elements; depletion; carbonatite metasomatism     

Geochemical research on C—O and Sr—Nd isotopes of mantle-derived rocks from Shandong Province,China

This paper presents systematic studies on the C—O and Sr—Nd isotopic compositions for Cretaceous Badou carbonatites, Fangcheng basalts, and Jiaodong lamprophyres and Paleozoic Mengyin kimberlites in Shandong Province, China. Paleozoic kimberlites have normal and uniform C—O isotopic compositions with δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in the range of −4.8‰—−7.6‰ and +9.9‰—+13.2‰, respectively. However, Cretaceous three different types of mantlederived rocks have quite different C—O isotopic compositions, indicating that the mantle sources are probably partially contaminated with organic carbon-bearing crustal materials. These Cretaceous rocks show uniform and EMII-like Sr—Nd isotopic compositions and also indicate that the mantle sources were affected by recycled crustal materials. Comparative studies of C—O and Sr—Nd isotopes reveal that the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton had different isotope characteristics in the Paleozoic, the early Cretaceous, and the Tertiary time. This demonstrates that the lithospheric mantle beneath the region underwent at least twice reconstructions since the Paleozoic. Available data imply that the first reconstruction mainly happened during the Triassic-Jurassic time with gradual changes and the second in the Cretaceous with abrupt changes. Results also show that the early Cretaceous (especially at 120-130 Ma) was perhaps the key period leading to the dramatic change of the Mesozoic geodynamics on the eastern North China Craton.     

硫化物矿物氧化反应动力学实验研究

硫化物矿床和含硫化物矿床（如中高硫煤）在开发过程中由于氧化作用向环境释放大量的酸、硫酸盐、重金属及其它有害物质,造成一定范围内的次生地球化学异常和环境污染;而中国大陆硫化物的排放量2010年将达到39．1×10 6 t。因此,人们对硫化物矿物在表生环境下的氧化行为日益重视。硫化物矿物的氧化速率受矿物本身物理化学特性（组成、结构、表面性质）和介质条件（溶解氧DO、Fe 3＋浓度、pH、Eh、温度及微生物）等多种因素的控制。在全面分析近年来国内外文献的基础上,系统介绍了硫化物矿物氧化动力学实验研究方法、实验参数的选择、反应机理、反应产物及反应速率等的研究现状。指出今后应加强对初始阶段的氧化反应速率、反应中间产物、多因素的综合作用、分子水平上的反应机理解释等方面的研究。