碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中的氧化铁矿物

氧化铁矿物是碳酸盐岩红色风化壳的主要矿物成分和重要结构单元。运用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、穆斯堡尔谱和电子探针等方法对碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中的氧化铁矿物进行了系统研究。碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中的氧化铁矿物主要有针铁矿、赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿。氧化铁矿物组合、含量和化学成分随成土环境和风化强度在剖面中呈明显的规律性变化,这为碳酸盐岩风化成土作用、红色风化壳成因与环境问题的深入研究提供了重要的矿物学依据。     

Raman microspectrometry of fluid inclusions

For many kinds of fluid inclusions, the coupling of microthermometry and Raman microspectrometry is still the only viable option to obtain compositions of single fluid inclusions. A review is given on the basis of 16 years of experience and helped with about 120 references of the instrumentation, analytical conditions and methodology of the application of Raman microspectrometry to gaseous, aqueous and hydrocarbon inclusions, and their daughter minerals.     

Long-term behaviour and mineralogical reactions in hazardous waste landfills: a comparison of observation and geochemical modelling

 Drill cores from a Bavarian hazardous waste landfill were investigated for their mineralogical composition. Because of the formation of many new minerals, geochemical equilibrium calculations were performed to find the most stable state of the waste body. A comparison of mineralogical observations and geochemical modelling was undertaken. The remaining solubilities of the newly formed secondary mineral assemblages were calculated. Newly formed minerals were shown using electron microscopy. Received: 26 November 1999 · Accepted: 15 May 2000     

Geochemistry, mineralogy, and technological properties of the main Stephanian (Carboniferous) coal seams from the Puertollano Basin, Spain

This study is focused on the occurrence and distribution of mineral matter and major and trace elements in the high volatile bituminous coal from Puertollano (south-central Spain). The relationship between ash behaviour and inorganic composition, as well as the possible formation of fouling and slagging deposits in boilers during the conversion process, were investigated. The Puertollano coals do not exhibit plastic properties, despite their rank, probably because of their high ash and inertinite contents.The Puertollano coal has medium to low total S content (0.48% to 1.63% db, with a mean of 1.0% db) and is characterised by relatively high contents of Si, Pb, Sb, and Cs. Some elements such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ge, Li, Mn, Ni, W, and Zn are also present in relatively high contents. The enrichment in a number of heavy metals could be attributed to the common sulphide ores occurring near the Puertollano coal deposit.The following trace elements affinities are deduced: (a) sulphide affinity: As, Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Sb, Tl, and Zn; (b) aluminum–silicate affinity: K, Ti, B, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu Ga, Hf, Li, Nb, Rb, Sn, Ta, Th, V, Zr, and LREE; (c) Carbonate affinity: Ca, Mg, Mn, and B; (d) organic affinity: B.The very high Si levels and the anomalous enrichment in Cs, Ge, Pb, Sb, and Zn shown by the Puertollano coals account for the high contents of these elements in the Puertollano fly ash when compared with the other Spanish coal fly ashes.The chemical composition of the high temperature ash (HTA) is consistent with the trend shown by the ash fusion temperatures (AFT) and also with the predictive indices related to slagging and fouling propensities. Thus, the ash fusion temperatures increase with high values of Al₂O₃ as well as with the decrease in Fe₂O₃, CaO, and MgO.     

Geochemical processes controlling silica concentrations in groundwaters of the Salado River drainage basin, Argentina

Chemical analyses of dissolved silica in the shallow groundwater of the lower part of the Salado River drainage basin indicate that silica values averaged 60 ppm. The groundwaters are oversaturated in relation to quartz, Na-plagioclase, K-feldspar, and the weathering of quartz and aluminosilicates appear to have little control on silica concentrations in solution. Groundwater is undersaturated with respect to amorphous silica present in the loessic sediments, and these sediments are specially important in the control of the groundwater composition. The sources of amorphous silica are volcanic glass shards and biogenic silica derived from plant (silicophytoliths, diatom frustules) or animal remains (sponge spicules) also present in the Pampean loess. Silicophytoliths and diatoms have also been reported in A soil horizon samples. The dissolution of amorphous silica most likely controls the high dissolved silica concentrations in groundwater.     

多钨酸钠超声高速离心法——分离提纯微细矿物的新方法

多乌酸钠是一种无毒、无气味、易溶解、易配制、稳定性好、回收率高、使用方便安全的新型无机重液，其密度变化范围为1．0g/cm^3-3.1g/cm^3，分离缙云沸石和粘土矿土矿物取得了良好的效果。详述了多钨酸钠溶液的配制和回收，分离缙云沸石和粘土的实验流程及其应用前景。     

粘土矿物钝化改性及岩土的力学性质

本文以自行研制的粘土矿物钝化剂对广东省和武汉市等六地区的土壤进行了钝化改性实验研究，并对钝化效果的影响因素做了初步的分析探讨。实验表明，虽然6个地区11个样品中的粘土矿物种类和含量不同，但钝化剂对所有样品都有稳定的作用。其稳定效果，不仅与样品的物相组成和粒度分布有关；而且还与粘土矿物的种类及其含量密切相关。就三种主要粘土矿物来说，钝化效果的顺序是高岭土＞伊利石＞蒙脱石。     

华北石炭二叠纪煤系中I／S间层矿物的研究

华北石炭二叠煤系中的Ｉ／Ｓ间层粘土岩夹矸或粘土岩层，在太行山以东较为发育。Ｉ／Ｓ间层矿物的类型有累托石、ＩＳ有序间层矿物、Ｓ／Ｉ无序间层矿物，它们是在近岸泥岩沼泽或沼泽环境中由同期降落的火山灰蚀变而成，在酸性介质的影响下，形成ＩＳ有序间层矿物，在偏碱性的介质条件下，形成Ｓ／Ｉ无序间层矿物；高压异常区则形成累托石。     

瑶岗仙钨矿床的晶洞特征及其研究意义

瑶岗仙黑钨矿床石英脉的地质特征、晶洞类型、含晶标志，分布规律以及晶洞发育的控制因素研究表明，矿区第Ⅱ成矿期矿脉的晶洞规模，分布、优美晶体、晶簇天然观赏矿物的成生，具有一定的理论，经济研究意义。     

Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary palaeogeography of the Western Carpathians (Slovakia) and the Eastern Alps (Austria): implications from heavy mineral data

The Late Cretaceous Brezová and Myjava Groups of the Western Carpathians in Slovakia and formations of the Gosau Group of the Northern Calcareous Alps in Lower Austria comprise similar successions of alluvial/shallow marine deposits overlain by deep water hemipelagic sediments and turbidites. In both areas the heavy mineral spectra of Late Cretaceous sediments contain significant amounts of detrital chrome spinel. In the Early Tertiary the amount of garnet increases. Cluster analysis and correspondence analysis of Coniacian/Santonian and Campanian/Early Maastrichtian heavy mineral data indicate strong similarities between the Gosau deposits of the Lunz Nappe of the north-eastern part of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Brezova Group of the Western Carpathians. Similar source areas and a similar palaeogeographical position at the northern active margin of the Adriatic/Austroalpine plate are therefore suggested for the two tectonic units.Basin subsidence mechanisms within the Late Cretaceous of the Northern Calcareous Alps are correlated with the Western Carpathians. Subsidence during the Campanian-Maastrichtian is interpreted as a consequence of subduction tectonic erosion along the active northern margin of the Adriatic/Austroalpine plate. Analogous facies and heavy mineral associations from deep water sandstones of the Manin Unit and the Klape Unit indicate accretion of parts of the Pieniny Klippen Belt during the Late Cretaceous along the Adriatic/Austroalpine margin.