Indirect estimation of the clay content of clay-rocks using acoustic measurements: New insights from the Montiers-sur-Saulx deep borehole (Meuse,France)

This work benefited from a comprehensive set of logging and mineralogical data that was acquired from the 2-km-deep EST433 borehole of Montiers-sur-Saulx (Meuse, France). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed on three sets of data: (a) sonic data (P- and S-wave velocities), (b) total combinable magnetic resonance (TCMR) porosity data, and (c) X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The analysis was performed to estimate the clay content in the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone and other clay-rocks of the stratigraphic column. The inferred statistical relationships were compared to results obtained from a conventional spectral gamma ray (GR) approach.The results indicate that simple linear regressions using only elastic wave velocities (a) accounted for more than 81% of the vertical variability of the clay content in the COx formation (i.e., coefficient regression R² values greater than 81%) and (b) enable the estimation of clay content with the same accuracy as the spectral GR approach. Both approaches, our acoustic regressions and spectral GR methodology, provide estimate errors that are within the range of uncertainties associated with the XRD analysis applied. Moreover, using the whole set of XRD data showed that the elastic wave velocities and the TCMR porosity as explanatory variables are better predictors of total clay content than swelling clay mineral content.Blind estimations of clay content were performed using data acquired in clay-rocks from the same stratigraphic column and in the COx formation located a few kilometers distant in the EST423 borehole. The results demonstrated that the established regressions must be used with caution when vertically and horizontally extrapolating the estimated clay content. This difficulty is partly explained by the influence of the microstructure of the studied clay-rocks, which was insufficiently taken into account via the petrophysical variables considered in this work.     

结构面中粘土矿物及含水率变化对边坡稳定性影响的试验研究

以南京某边坡结构面中的滑带土为研究对象,定量分析不同的滑带土颗粒级配情况下,岩质边坡结构面中粘土矿物含量及含水率的变化对边坡稳定性影响机制及变化规律.随着粘土矿物的增加,安全系数值整体上呈现减小的趋势,安全系数在45％～55％之间时达到最低;随含水率的增加,安全系数值也呈下降的趋势.采用了粒子群算法对试验成果作以解析,结果显示,随着粘土矿物含量的增加,安全系数的变化为非线性,但始终表现出较好的相关性,其相关系数由小变大;安全系数值与含水率呈现出一种负相关的线性关系,且保持较高的相关性,相关系数在0.90以上,较符合一般的自然规律.     

新疆哈拉奇地区地面高精度磁测异常及解释简

新疆哈拉奇地区位于西南天山与塔里木盆地接触部位,属于航空磁法测量的边缘区,未开展过地面物探工作。此次开展地面高精度磁测工作,划分了6个区域磁异常区,圈定了3处次级高磁异常和1处局部高磁异常。推断区域磁异常由隐伏基性侵入岩、基底引起,次级高磁异常由构造引起,局部异常由矿体引起。磁异常解释为地质研究、寻找磁性矿产提供了参考依据。     

国外关键矿产战略研究进展及其启示

近年来,世界各国都将经济发展的重心向战略性新兴产业转移,为保障战略性新兴产业的发展而引发的资源安全保障问题随之而来。一些研究机构和组织纷纷开展关键矿产研究,厘定了关键矿产清单,并提出有针对性的保障措施。然而,目前国内对于关键矿产的研究才刚刚起步,对新兴产业所需矿产的研究偏少,关键矿产定量化研究的方法和指标体系总体以跟踪国外研究为主。系统地剖析了国外主要研究机构的关键矿产评价理论、模型和指标体系,总结了国外关键矿产的基本特征,并结合国内实际提出了加强部门协作、打通产业数据链、开展中国关键矿产评价理论和模型的研究、提高关键矿产供应风险治理的研究等对策建议。     

大宗急缺矿产和战略性新兴产业矿产调查工程进展与主要成果

钾盐是关乎国计民生的大宗急缺矿产; 稀有金属、稀土金属、稀散金属、萤石、晶质石墨、金刚石等矿产是国内外公认的战略性新兴矿产。根据国家建设的需求,2015年中国地质调查局设立了“大宗急缺矿产和战略性新兴产业矿产调查工程”。该工程以查明重要矿种的资源潜力,取得找矿突破为目标,以矿调为手段,以“五位一体”为部署原则,进行了全国重点地区大型资源基地和重要矿集区相关矿种的成矿规律和找矿方法创新研究,同时开展了矿产资源的综合利用研究。经过3年的努力已取得了一批找矿成果,丰富了成矿理论,创新了找矿方法,支撑了赣南、闽西等革命老区脱贫攻坚,带动了川西等地区的经济发展,对保障国家农业安全和战略性新兴产业顺利发展发挥了积极作用。概要介绍了在钾盐找矿、华南“三稀”金属矿产调查、川西大型锂矿资源基地建设、新疆奇台超大型晶质石墨矿找矿等方面取得的新进展; 介绍了在华南、华北、中西部等主要成矿带“三稀”矿产、晶质石墨、萤石等关键矿种成矿规律研究、成矿模式构建、资源潜力评价、重点靶区优选、技术方法组合等方面取得的成果; 介绍了在公益性基础性调查研究中所起到的示范引领作用。钾盐“二层楼”成矿模式和锂矿“五层楼+地下室层脉组合”成矿理论和找矿模型得以完善,新发现靶区40处,矿产地14处,大型资源基地2处,新增KCl资源量3.5亿t,伟晶岩型锂资源量31.75万t,铍资源量1.6万t,石墨资源量7 378万t,脉石英56万t,萤石1 159万t,金刚石资源量2.29万克拉,新增重稀土资源量12万t,含磷锂铝石岩体型锂资源量38万t。该工程取得的进展与成果对保障国家资源安全和战略性新兴产业的顺利发展具有重要的现实意义。     

云南者桑金矿床载金矿物标型特征研究

者桑金矿床处在滇黔桂“金三角”构造带中,该矿床的形成经历了沉积成岩期、热液成矿期及表生氧化期,黄铁矿及毒砂为矿床的重要载金矿物。通过岩相学特征、标型矿物研究,发现热液成矿Ⅰ阶段中主要载金矿物为毒砂,热液成矿Ⅱ阶段为金矿化最主要阶段,主要载金矿物为黄铁矿。黄铁矿呈胶状、细粒状、破碎状;毒砂呈粗粒板柱状,维氏硬度偏低为其载金标型。晶胞参数测试表明,黄铁矿a值在5.4300~5.4325 Å之间,成矿Ⅰ阶段至成矿Ⅱ阶段a值逐渐变大。载金毒砂明显富S、Co亏As,导致b、c、β均低于理论值。各成矿阶段的黄铁矿及毒砂中主量、微量元素及硫同位素组成呈现一定变化规律,成矿物质主要来自于富含有机质的围岩。者桑金矿床为中低温热液矿床。     

哈萨克斯坦萨亚克铜矿田代表性矿区矽卡岩矿物的组成及其意义研究

哈萨克斯坦萨亚克铜矿田产于晚石炭世闪长玢岩、石英闪长玢岩或花岗闪长玢岩与中石炭统灰岩的接触带上,铜矿体呈透镜状、脉状产于矽卡岩中。其成矿期可以划分为4个阶段：石榴子石矽卡岩阶段（Ⅰ）、绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩阶段（Ⅱ）、磁铁矿阶段（Ⅲ）和石英-硫化物阶段（Ⅳ）。铜矿化主要发生在石英-硫化物阶段,形成石英、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿,呈浸染状或脉状产于不同类型的矽卡岩或块状磁铁矿中。矽卡岩中的石榴子石有3种类型：石榴子石矽卡岩中的钙铁榴石（Grt-a）、交代钙铁榴石的含Al钙铁榴石（Grt-b）和绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩中具有环带结构的石榴子石（Grt-c）。从第一类到第三类石榴子石,平均w（Al₂O₃）从<1%逐渐升高至~5%;分子式中平均Fe³⁺原子数从2.15逐渐降低至1.57,显示成矿体系中Al的摩尔浓度逐渐升高、氧逸度逐渐降低。绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩中发育少量辉石,属于钙铁辉石-透辉石系列,在辉石分类图中落于普通辉石范围内。矽卡岩的地质特征、矿物组合和矿物化学特征表明,萨亚克矽卡岩是与花岗岩类侵入岩有关的岩浆热液与灰岩通过接触交代反应形成的钙质矽卡岩,随着矽卡岩化和成矿作用的进行,成矿体系的温度和氧逸度逐渐降低、pH值升高,导致磁铁矿和黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿矿物组合依次发生沉淀。     

LA-ICP-MS硅酸盐矿物原位微区分析方法研究

建立了一种利用New Wave UP 213 nm激光和ThermoFisher X Series2四极杆等离子体质谱法直接测定硅酸盐矿物中54种元素的分析方法。该方法以40Ca为内标、玻璃标准参考物质NIST SRM 610为外标,通过调节载气流量、激光频率、激光能量、激光剥蚀斑径降低元素分馏效应,并对NIST SRM 612进行测定,测定结果满足分析要求,54种元素的相对标准偏差大都低于10%,可应用于地质学分析研究。     

Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment of Gonghe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, During the Lastdeglacial: Weathering, Erosion and Vegetation Cover Affect Clay Mineral Formation

With the analysis of the sources and formation mechanism of the clay minerals in the sediment core from the Dalianhai lake in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau,clay mineral composition proxies,grain-size and carbonate contents have been employed for high-resolution study in order to reconstruct East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） over the northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau during the lastdeglacial.The study also extended to establish a relationship between vegetation cover changes and erosion during the last 14.5 ka with pollen record and clay mineral proxies.Smectite/kaolinite and smectite/（illite＋chlorite） ratios allow us to assess hydrolysis conditions in lowlands and/or physical erosion process in highlands of the Gonghe Basin.Before 12.9 Cal ka BP,both mineralogical ratios show low values indicative of strong physical erosion in the basin with a dominant cold and dry phase.After 12.9 Cal ka BP,an increase in both mineralogical ratios indicates enhanced chemical weathering in the basin associated with a warm and humid climate.The beginning of Holocene is characterized by high smectite/（illite＋chlorite） and smectite/kaolinite ratios that is synchronous as with deposition of many peat laminae,implying the best warm and humid conditions specifically between 8.0 to 5.5 Cal ka BP.The time interval after 5.0 Cai ka BP is characterized by a return to high physical erosion and low chemical weathering with dry climate conditions in the basin.Comparing variations of clay mineral assemblages with previous pollen results,we observe a rapid response in terms of chemical weathering and physical erosion intensity to a modification of the vegetation cover in the basin.     

城镇周边土壤中含铅矿物的环境意义

通过对长江下游南京至苏州一带铅污染土壤中含铅矿物的鉴定识别和来源分析,确定土壤中铅的来源,既有附近含铅矿床开采过程中带出的含铅矿物,也有人为叠加的成分。作为相对稳定的含铅矿物,方铅矿、白铅矿和人工含铅颗粒含量越高,土壤中有效态铅所占比例就越低。对Pb异常土壤中含Pb矿物的研究,可以解释土壤与农作物籽实中铅含量间的复杂关系,同时也可以为生态地球化学评价标准和预测预警方案的制定提供参考。