基于形状与纹理特征的高分辨率SAR影像桥梁目标自动提取方法

基于高分辨率SAR影像中桥梁目标特征的分析,提出了一种桥梁目标自动提取方法。首先使用多影像时序平均法对SAR影像进行预处理,去除SAR影像噪声;再使用阈值法对水体分割;最后采用形状特征与纹理特征相结合的方法提取桥梁目标。本方法在提取效果上明显优于传统桥梁目标提取方法,其提取准确率可达87.5%。证明本文方法在面向高分辨率雷达影像的桥梁目标自动提取应用上的可靠性和可行性。     

树状图应用于房产公用面积分级公摊系统设计

房产测绘中,房屋公用面积公摊计算是房产测绘业务的一个重点和难点。现行规范中对其规定缺乏可操作性,导致测绘成果各异。本文介绍了房产功能区及公用区的树状图分解,推导出多级房产分级公摊的通用公式,并详细阐述了基于VC++&ObjectArx2002的房产项目测绘系统分级公摊模块的设计。该方法已经很好的应用于房产测绘中。     

基于FGHT的SAR影像形状检测算法

形状检测在目标识别中有着重要作用。广义Hough变换(GHT)具有很好的全局特性,是常用的目标形状检测算法。但由于SAR影像具有强噪声等特点,常用的广义Hough变换算法可能会产生定位不准确的问题,甚至会出现错检的情况。文中将GHT中投票不集中的区域看做"模糊投票点",构造了隶属函数,并据此设计了模糊广义Hough变换算法(FGHT),通过优化参考点的位置达到检测结果精确定位的目的。实验对比证明,该算法在强噪声情况下具有更好的鲁棒性。     

The Importance of the Shape Parameter in a Bulk Parameterization Scheme to the Evolution of the Cloud Droplet Spectrum during Condensation

The shape parameter of the Gamma size distribution plays a key role in the evolution of the cloud droplet spectrum in the bulk parameterization schemes. However, due to the inaccurate specification of the shape parameter in the commonly used bulk double-moment schemes, the cloud droplet spectra cannot reasonably be described during the condensation process. Therefore, a newly-developed triple-parameter condensation scheme with the shape parameter diagnosed through the number concentration, cloud...     

Characterizing European urban settlements from population data: a cartographic approach

ABSTRACT

The cartographic identification and characterization of urban settlements is problematic, particularly in varied areas or in large geographical extensions. This is due to the divergence between morphological area structures and data attribution, which is generally available at the level of administrative units. Most existing experiences focus on small regions or use indirect data, from which only indirect information can be derived. This paper proposes an identification of urban settlements in the European Union space, which combines urban population and shape through geographic information system (GIS) techniques. For that purpose, 1 km² cells with associated population data are used. A procedure is developed establishing three different types of urban settlements, according to population and population density values: high-density urban clusters, small and medium-sized towns, and very small towns. A validation of this procedure is performed using direct survey from local experts in 10 selected study areas. The final results show that 78,307 urban settlements can be identified: 88.17% of them are classified as “very small towns,” 10.75% as “small and medium-sized towns,” and 1.08% as high-density urban clusters. This exercise generates new information for the European Union and surrounding countries, and yields the basis for further research. All GIS operations are performed using vector layers, which is not usual in large-area regional studies.     

一种基于复杂网络的道路匹配方法

为了满足用户对数据现势性的要求,应当保证道路数据的及时准确更新,其关键是对同名道路数据进行匹配。鉴于对道路进行整体分析,道路的形状特征变得尤为重要,因此提出了基于复杂网络的道路匹配方法。该方法利用复杂网络理论分析每条道路的形状特性,得到相关的形状参数,再结合距离、方向等指标的参数计算得到总的相似度,从而选出最佳的匹配道路。这种方法计算简单,对道路的形状特征能很好地描述,并能很快地从候选匹配道路中识别出匹配道路。实验结果表明,将该方法用于道路匹配具有较高的准确率和可靠性。     

饱和软黏土中不同形状深水防沉板基础承载特性研究

防沉板基础是水下井口、管汇节点与管汇终端等的永久支撑结构,其承受的荷载具有明显的复杂性、非线性和不确定性,给防沉板基础的稳定性研究带来了巨大挑战。本文研究了在剪切强度随深度线性增长的不排水饱和软黏土中,相同用钢量条件下矩形、方形、六边形和圆形防沉板基础的承载特性。采用数值模拟方法确定了竖向荷载V、水平向荷载H(H_x、H_y)、弯矩荷载M(M_x、M_y)和扭矩荷载T联合作用下,防沉板基础在V-H、V-M、V-T、H_x-H_y、M_x-M_y、T-H和T-M荷载空间的地基承载力包络线,并建立了相应的拟合公式。研究表明,不同的基础形状对其承载力影响显著,当V较大时,适宜选用圆形基础;当H较为显著时,应选用矩形或方形基础;圆形、方形和矩形基础的抗弯特性分别适用于不同条件下M为主控荷载的情况;当T的影响不可忽视时,矩形或方形基础为首选形式,六边形和圆形基础次之。     

Quantitative characterization of grain shape: Implications for textural maturity analysis and discrimination between depositional environments

Grain shape plays an important role in textural analysis of sedimentary grains. Textural analysis helps to determine the formation, transportation and deposition processes of sedimentary rocks. However, there is a lack of standardized methodology for quantitative characterization of grain shapes. The utility of fully automated image analysis for grain shape measurement is assessed in this paper. This research aimed to identify the most useful shape parameters for textural characterization of populations of grains and determine the relative importance of the parameters. A key aspect of this study is to determine whether, in a particular sedimentary environment, textural maturity of the samples can be ranked based on their grain shape data. Furthermore, discrimination of sedimentary depositional environments is explored on the basis of grain shape. In this study, 20 loose sediment samples from four known depositional environments (beach, aeolian, glacial and fluvial) were analysed using newly implemented automatic image analysis methods. For each sample, a set of 11 shape parameters were calculated for 200 grains. The data demonstrate a progression in textural maturity in terms of roundness, angularity, irregularity, fractal dimension, convexity, solidity and rectangularity. Furthermore, statistical analysis provides strong support for significant differences between samples grouped by environment and generates a ranking consistent with trends in maturity. Based on novel application of machine learning algorithms, angularity and fractal dimension are found to be the two most important parameters in texturally classifying a grain. The results of this study indicate that textural maturity is readily categorized using automated grain shape parameter analysis. However, it is not possible to absolutely discriminate between different depositional environments on the basis of shape parameters alone. This work opens up the possibility of detailed studies of the relationship between textural maturity and sedimentary environment, which may be more complicated than previously considered.     

中巴经济走廊泥石流活动性分析 ——以中巴公路奥布段为例

中巴经济走廊内的中巴公路奥布段泥石流频发且类型复杂,严重影响着安全出行和贸易流通。在对中巴公路奥布段沿线泥石流沟谷纵剖面形态分析的基础上,揭示其形态指数特征和活动程度,并从区域地形、地质和气象等因素方面探讨了泥石流的活动性差异成因及危害性。研究发现：公路沿线泥石流类型主要包括冰川型和降雨型两种,冰川型泥石流为27条,降雨型为26条。冰川型泥石流活动性强烈,形态指数N ≥ 1的沟谷占冰川型沟谷总数的81%,多数沟谷形态呈下凹状;降雨型泥石流活动性相对较弱,形态指数N ≥ 1的沟谷占其总数的50%,沟谷形态多呈上凸状。研究区大落差地形、不同物源供给和充沛水源条件等对泥石流的发育和活动具有重要影响,也是不同类型泥石流活动性差异的控制因素。研究结果可为研究区泥石流预测和防治提供指导,也可为中巴经济走廊区内交通工程选线和泥石流防治提供参考。