循环荷载作用下SMA-PSRCW结构力学性能影响因素分析

为了研究形状记忆合金(SMA)连接件对半刚接钢框架内填钢筋混凝土墙结构(PSRCW结构)受力性能的影响情况,在已有试验研究的基础上,建立了SMA-PSRCW结构的计算模型,对结构在循环荷载作用下的整体受力性能进行了数值模拟研究,考虑了配筋率、混凝土强度、内填墙厚度以及连接件布置位置和数量等因素对结构的滞回性能、骨架曲线...     

广西北海银滩侵蚀动力研究

广西北海银滩是一处典型的强潮海滩,以滩面宽阔、砂质纯白为特征,为当地的一处著名旅游景点。近年来银滩也出现了岸线后退、滩肩消失、沉积粗化等侵蚀迹象。为了研究银滩侵蚀的动力机制,本文对银滩海水浴场当前的滩面高程、坡度以及滩面后退距离特征进行了调查和分析。并基于2016?2018年间的滩面高程动态变化,分析了冬、春季风浪和台风期间水位、波浪特征与滩面侵蚀之间的关系,并进而探讨了最有可能造成银滩侵蚀的台风路径。研究表明,1985年以来的滩面最大后退距离为80 m,侵蚀造成海滩上部滩面坡度降低,使得海滩上部的剖面形态向上凸状转化。冬、春季节的风浪叠加高水位可能会造成一定程度的滩面侵蚀,并在海滩上部形成脊槽地貌,但是这种侵蚀会被夏季西南向涌浪导致的回淤所恢复。造成银滩侵蚀后退的主要原因是2003年以来风暴潮重现频率增加。发源于西太平洋,经海南岛北部或雷州半岛进入北部湾的台风可以导致显著的海岸增水,最易于引起强烈的海滩侵蚀事件。银滩东侧的渔港码头阻断了自东向西的泥沙沿岸净输运,也是加剧银滩侵蚀的重要因素。     

融合多尺度影像数据的杞麓湖流域景观格局分析

景观格局是景观斑块秩序和规律的具体体现,分析景观格局特征能够在空间结构上推进流域生态保护红线的划定和管控工作,维持可持续发展的底线。基于不同遥感数据源测算的景观格局可能存在计算结果差异,以及对景观格局描述不一致的问题。本文以杞麓湖流域为研究区,选取最新的Sentinel-2、GF-1和Landsat 8卫星遥感影像,基于斑块尺度、类型尺度和景观尺度的7个景观指数,从景观类型分布和整体格局两个方面探讨了杞麓湖流域景观格局现状,并分析不同数据源对景观格局评价结果的异同。结果表明：①杞麓湖流域的景观格局以林地和耕地为基底,零碎分散着建设用地和其他用地;②不同卫星遥感影像对流域景观格局的描述存在差异,影像分辨率与斑块数目、最大斑块指数、形状指数、分离度指数存在显著的正相关关系,而对于测度整体的香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数、优势度指数的影响相对较小。     

Spatial characteristics and driving forces of the morphological evolution of East Lake,Wuhan

The shapes of the urban lakes in Wuhan city have been strongly influenced by the rapid industrialization and urbanization experienced in recent decades.Based on topographic maps and remote sensing images,the temporal and spatial changes of East Lake,Wuhan city,over the past two decades were analyzed.The landscape shape index(LSI)and centroid method were applied to analyze the evolution of lake morphology and its causes.Several key results were obtained.(1)The surface area of East Lake decreased sharply by 2.13 km2 from 1995 to 2005,and slightly by 1.00 km2 from 2005 to 2015.The shoreline length of East Lake displayed a continuous trend of decline during the study period:The length reduced by 21.89 km from 1995 to 2005,and by 0.67 km from 2005 to 2015.The LSI values,7.04(1995),6.46(2005),and 6.28(2015),displayed an accelerated downward trend,indicating a reduction of complexity in East Lake and the intensification of manual interventions in the water body.(2)The changes to East Lake displayed a clear temporal and spatial heterogeneity.The centroid of East Lake moved northeast from 1995 to 2005 and southeast from 2005 to 2015.(3)The reduction in the area of East Lake was mainly affected by human activities.A lake area of about 4.8 km2 was converted to other land uses during 1995-2005,most of which was unused land,whereas from 2005 to 2015,0.43 km2 of the lake area was converted into built-up land,and 0.25 km2 was converted into other land uses.The reduction in area was caused by infrastructure construction by the government,the development of the real estate industry,illegal construction by villagers,and the development of scenic spots for tourism.The driving forces of this reduction included Wuhan's growing population,and the rapid development of the economy and urbanization between 1995 and 2015,which has resulted in a large demand for land.Finally,a formation mechanism model was constructed by analyzing the causes of East Lake's morphological evolution.     

黄河下游冲积平原潮土土壤孔隙微形态特征

土壤颗粒排列是影响孔隙特征的最基本因素。土壤薄片能够直接观察且定量的分析土壤孔隙特征。为了解不同质地土壤的孔隙差异,于山东省东昌府区采集不同质地土壤（壤土、黏壤土、砂质壤土）,通过常规方法和土壤微形态技术对比分析土壤孔隙特征。结果表明：三类样地土壤孔隙度均为表层向下逐渐减少。表层、底层差异在砂质壤土中主要体现于总孔隙度与毛管孔隙度,黏壤土、壤土则主要体现为总孔隙度与非毛管孔隙度。砂质壤土中各土层均以简单堆集孔隙为主;而0~10 cm黏壤土、壤土以复合堆积孔隙为主,其下复合堆积孔隙减少、其他形状孔隙增多。薄片图像测定孔隙数量可反映常规分析总孔隙度的50%左右,对于非毛管孔隙度则可反映80%左右。因此,土壤薄片更适合分析土壤非毛管孔隙。     

Static and dynamic analyses of three-dimensional hollow concrete block revetments using polyhedral finite element method

In this study, we exploit the flexibility and advantages of polyhedral finite elements in modeling 3D hollow concrete block revetments. In the present method, a new concept is proposed, in which the polyhedral elements are subdivided into sub-tetrahedrons through virtual nodes located at the centroids of the faces and element. Piecewise linear shape functions of polyhedral elements are constructed for the sub-tetrahedrons. Then, the shape functions are used to formulate the stiffness and mass matrices. By this way, the present approach yields lower computational cost than that of the standard polyhedral finite element method based on rational basis functions. The presented method suits well general polyhedral meshes including concave elements, which are used to model 3D complicated structures in design of coastal defenses system protection such as interlocking revetments. Reliability and effectiveness of the present approach are validated by the well-known commercial ANSYS software through static and dynamic analysis.     

一种使用卫星高度计数据且基于密度聚类的新型海洋中尺度涡自动探测算法

中尺度涡旋是海洋中典型的中尺度现象,是海洋中能量传递的运输者,中尺度涡识别与提取是物理海洋学研究的重要内容之一,而中尺度涡自动发现算法是最基础的用于寻找与分析中尺度涡的工具。中尺度涡旋探测工作的数据来源主要为卫星高度计数据融合出的SLA数据,该数据可以客观的描述海洋表层高度状态。中尺度涡表示为SLA闭合等值线所包围的局部等值区域,涡旋识别需要从SLA数据中提取出稳定的闭合等值线结构。针对基于SLA数据中的中尺度涡探测的特点,本文提出了一种新的基于聚类方法的中尺度涡自动识别算法,通过对SLA数据集的分割与筛选将中尺度涡区域与背景区域分离,后建立区域内联系并将其映射到SLA地图上来提取中尺度涡结构。本文算法解决了传统探测算法中参数设定的敏感性问题,不需要进行稳定性测试,算法适应性增强。算法中加入了涡旋筛选机制,保证了结果的涡旋结构的稳定性,提高了识别准确率。在此基础上,本文选取了西北太平洋及中国南海地区进行了中尺度涡探测实验,实验结果展示出了本文算法在较传统算法提高算法效率的同时,也保持着较高的算法稳定性,可以在稳定识别各个单涡结构的同时识别稳定的多涡结构。     

结合SVM与图匹配的车载激光点云道路标线识别

本文提出一种基于SVM与图匹配相结合的车载激光点云道路标线识别方法。该方法基于标线点云分割对象,利用Hu不变矩、实心形状上下文（SSC）、最小外包矩形（MBR）面积和延展度构建形状特征向量,采用SVM进行道路标线粗分类。针对粗分类结果,构建能够精确描述空间语义信息（如局部区域内标线间的排列、方向、距离）的图结构,通过图匹配方法优化粗分类结果,完成直行箭头、人行横道预告标识线、单向转向箭头、双向转向箭头、虚线型标线、斑马线共六类道路标线的精确识别。本文实验采用4份不同场景车载激光点云数据,实验结果中6类标线分类的准确率分别达100%、100%、94.12%、100%、94.94 %、99.25%,召回率分别达100%、100%、88.89%、100%、98.21%、99.00%,F₁-Measure值分别达100%、100%、91.43%、100%、96.59%、99.12%。结果表明,本文方法能实现多类标线对象的精确识别,并对形状相似标线（如直行箭头、虚线型标线与斑马线）的区分具有较强稳健性。     

基岩面形状对土体变形破坏的影响实验研究

采用离心模型试验研究基岩面形状对重力式加筋挡土墙土体变形破坏的影响,基岩面形状设置为直线形和台阶形,直线情况下基岩与挡墙分别围成三角形和梯形,台阶则分为两级台阶和三级台阶,试验共进行4组。试验结果表明,水平位移和沉降变化剧烈的位置主要在土体顶部靠近挡墙的位置,近岩面处土体水平位移和沉降都比较小;在挡土墙底部基岩与挡墙之间应当有足够的水平距离才有利于土体的稳定;基岩与挡墙所围形状为三角形时对土体的变形和稳定最为不利,基岩与挡墙围成梯形或基岩为台阶形时对土体稳定比较有利。     

MapObjects组件中Shape格式到Vct格式的转化方法

介绍了以VC＋＋为程序开发平台,基于MapObjects地图组件,实现将shape文件格式转换成vet格式的方法,从而实现两种数据格式的共享,提高数据的利用率。