Multivariate morphometrics and analysis of shape

Analysis of size and shape has always figured largely in interpretations of multivariate analyses of measurements on organisms, although on premises that are not always unchallengeable. A recent surge of interest has led to important advances in formal analysis of variations in shape (geometric morphometrics) and phylogenetic significance of such changes. In connection herewith, an improved philosophy for the choice of variables suitable for depicting shape variation is evolving. Important results for statistical validity of multivariate analyses now are being made available by several workers (robust estimates of canonical vectors, etc., stability of eigenvectorial elements, effects of deviations from multivariate normality) with special reference to applications in morphometric studies. Such questions have been little considered in the past with the result that many multivariate analyses of biological and geological data are inexact.Contribution Number 2 in a series of review articles by the Mathematical Geologists of United States. Accepted January 8, 1985. Invited lecture delivered to the thematic conference of Geological Shape Analysis, Wood's Hole, Massachusetts, September 8–12, 1984.     

用自组织神经网络方法实现测井相定量识别

作者在本文中介绍了一种利用自组织神经网络进行测井相识别的方法。自组织神经网络是一种无导师学习算法，它通过网络自身的调节对输入进行聚类，近年来广泛应用于各类模式识别问题中。这里我们采用从测井曲线中提取出反映沉积环境的信息参数，再利用自组织神经网络进行测井相判别。此法从沉积成因角度出发，判别沉积相模式，消除了测井曲线中的不确定因素，更具代表性。     

工业旋转椭球体外形质量检测方法

介绍了基于电子全站仪和PC计算机及有关数据处理软件，进行工业旋转椭球体外形加工质量检测的原理和方法，讨论了检测应提供的检测内容和指标计算方法，特别提出了适应于作为外形检测指标的法向距概念，对检测结果进行了分析，实践证明，检测方法适用于缺乏纹理的较难用近景摄影测量方法处理的大型工艺工业部件质量检测。     

Fundamental period and mode shape of layered soil profiles

The estimation of the fundamental period of soil profiles has been the subject of numerous studies. An extensive evaluation of several procedures by Dobry et al. [1] concluded that both the Simplified Version of the Rayleigh Procedure [1] and the Successive Use of Two-Layer Solution by Madera [2] give errors of less than 10% for all of the 76 representative soil profiles considered in the evaluation. The simplified Rayleigh procedure is iterative and requires an initial estimate of the mode shape. The Madera procedure is based on the solution of a two-layer system, usually obtained from charts. In this paper the solution charts are replaced by approximate relations for implementation on a spreadsheet. Since the Madera procedure calculates only the fundamental period, mode shapes need to be calculated by other means. The Madera procedure is extended to calculate mode shapes and modal participation factors of layered soil profiles. Unlike the simplified Rayleigh procedure [1], the proposed solution incorporates the different densities of the layers and gives direct results without iterations. The proposed solution can be considered a simpler alternative to the Rayleigh method for shear beams or soil columns.     

地下空间形态描述方法研究

地下工程施工、开发地下资源(包括开采地下水)都会引起地面发生沉降,导致位于地面的城市、交通线路及水体随之沉降。这种工程性沉降问题产生的根本原因在于地下出现了空间,而非层状(即不规则形状)空间环境是一种普遍存在的情况,与层状空间环境的地面沉降机理不同。当地下出现非层状空间环境时,目前还没有实用的地面沉降预测模型,否则,把非层状地下空间简化为层状情形进行处理。基于地下出现褶皱层状空间环境时的地面沉降规律,研究非层状地下空间形态的表述和处理方法。     

秦岭-黄淮平原交界带地貌演化阶段的信息熵判定

地地貌信息熵计算方法和涵义讨论的基础上，计算了秦岭-黄淮平原交界带面积大于100km^2各流域的地貌信息熵值，进而分析了秦岭-黄淮平原交界带的地貌定化阶段。得出以下结论；该区地貌演化处于壮年期和老年期的过渡阶段；各流域坡面形状多为下凹形为主，但山地整体的坡面形状近于直线形。     

购物出行空间的等级结构研究—以天津市为例

以天津市为例，通过大量问卷调查，总结出城市居民购物出行的空间圈层结构，为国际间相关问题的横向对比奠定了基础。在中地论的基础上，创建了系统描述和详细分析购物出行空间等级结构的新模式，为今后的相关研究提供一种制度和方法。在市场细分的基础上，总结出天津市三种不同收入阶层的购物出行空间等级结构类型，并对其进行了尝试性解释。