基于交通网络空间权重的区域经济空间相关分析——以甘肃省为例

在区域经济中,交通是联系地理空间和区域经济活动的纽带,交通的发达程度决定了各地理单元空间相互作用的广度与深度.针对不同交通模式赋以不同的权重,基于最短加权交通网络,提出新的空间权重矩阵构建方法,构建了交通网络空间权重,与各种传统空间权重一起,对比研究甘肃省各县域单元之间的区域经济的空间相关性.研究结果表明,利用交通网络空间权重生成的空间权重矩阵,能更真实地反映区域间实际的空间过程;甘肃省的区域经济具有空间相关性但不显著,核心城市经济外溢现象不明显.     

The evolution of the spatial-temporal patterns of global energy security since the 1990s

Journal of Geographical Sciences - In this study, we developed an energy security evaluation model (ESEM) from three dimensions, energy supply-transport security, safety of energy utilization, and...     

一种简化的Helmert方差分量估计算法

Ｈｅｌｍｅｒｔ方法是通过求出两类观测值的单位方差,来修正其先验权,用迭代法最终求得正确的权。本文提出,如果已知两类观测值的单位方差之比,即可定出正确的权,从而使计算简单化。     

Quantitative Assessment of the Ecological Vulnerability of Baiyangdian Wetlands in the North China Plain

Quantitative assessment of vulnerability is a core aspect of wetland vulnerability research. Taking Baiyangdian (BYD) wetlands in the North China Plain as a study area and using the ‘cause-result’ model, 23 representative indicators from natural, social, sci-tech and economic elements were selected to construct an indicator system. A weight matrix was obtained by using the entropy weight method to calculate the weight value for each indicator. Based on the membership function in the fuzzy evaluation model, the membership degrees were determined to form a fuzzy relation matrix. Finally, the ecological vulnerability was quantitatively assessed based on the comprehensive evaluation index calculated by using a composite operator to combine the entropy weight matrix with the fuzzy relation matrix. The results showed that the ecological vulnerability levels of the BYD wetlands were comprehensively evaluated as Grade II, Grade Ⅲ, Grade IV, and Grade Ⅲ in 2010, 2011-2013, 2014, and 2015-2017, respectively. The ecological vulnerability of the BYD wetlands increased from low fragility in 2010 to general fragility in 2011-2013, and to high fragility in 2014, reflecting the fact that the wetland ecological condition was degenerating from 2010 to 2014. The ecological vulnerability status then turned back into general fragility during 2015-2017, indicating that the ecological situation of the BYD wetlands was starting to improve. However, the ecological status of the BYD wetlands on the whole is relatively less optimistic. The major factors affecting the ecological vulnerability of the BYD wetlands were found to be industrial smoke and dust emission, wetland water area, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, rate of industrial solid wastes disposed, GDP per capita, etc. This illustrates that it is a systematic project to regulate wetland vulnerability and to protect regional ecological security, which may offer researchers and policy-makers specific clues for concrete interventions.     

熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价方法研究

滑坡是中国最为常见的一种地质灾害类型,其具有的易发、频发特点使得人民的生命财产安全受到了严重的威胁,滑坡的稳定性评价是滑坡防灾减灾工作中最为关键的一项工作。鉴于滑坡诱发因素具有模糊性的特点,文章以陕西省勉县新铺镇发育的典型堆积层滑坡为例,在地质环境条件分析的基础上,考虑了采用模糊数学法进行滑坡稳定性评价,并引入热力学中“熵”的概念,采用熵权法确定了滑坡诱发因子的权重,进而提出了一种基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价新方法。结果表明：新提出的基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价方法克服了传统模糊综合评价方法主观性判断滑坡影响因子权重的弊端;通过数值模拟法进行滑坡稳定性定量化分析验证,发现两种方法评价结论较为吻合,说明了所提出的新方法具有一定的可靠性。基于熵权法改进的模糊数学滑坡稳定性评价方法较为快速简捷,可用于临灾快速预警、应急救援等突发情况下的滑坡防灾减灾工作。     

基于自然水系网信息的元素运移分析

地面上的矿物或污染物元素主要是随水系而运移的。因此，利用自然水系网信息来定量分析元素沿水系的迁移、分散，对于地质找矿和环境保护都具有重要意义。在研究应用主概率权模拟模型产生自然水系网的基础上，提出了元素在水系网中运移的计算方法，结合所模拟出的水系网，具体分析了元素在其中的迁移、扩散情况，给出了正问题和反问题的计算结果。结果表明，正、反问题的求解具有一致性，方法是有效、可行的。     

基于GPS单频接收机的精密单点定位研究

介绍了利用单频GPS接收机进行精密单点定位的数学模型及解算方案,并采用选权拟合法得到比较准确的状态参数初值及其方差-协方差,加快了卡尔曼滤波的收敛。算例结果表明,利用精密卫星星历及卫星钟改正数并采用单频观测值,半个小时后的定位精度可达1~2分米的水平。     

GeoSurveillance: a GIS-based system for the detection and monitoring of spatial clusters

This article introduces a software package named GeoSurveillance that combines spatial statistical techniques and GIS routines to perform tests for the detection and monitoring of spatial clustering. GeoSurveillance provides both retrospective and prospective tests. While retrospective tests are applied to spatial data collected for a particular point in time, prospective tests attempt to incorporate the dynamic nature of spatial patterns via analyzing time-series data to detect emergent clusters as quickly as possible. This article will outline the structure of GeoSurveillance as well as describe the statistical cluster detection methods implemented in the software. It concludes with an illustration of the use of the software to analyze the spatial pattern of low birth weights in Los Angeles County, California.      

层次分析法在新疆卡姆斯特煤矿区煤炭资源评价中的应用

卡姆斯特煤矿区煤炭资源储量丰富,但煤田地质工作程度低,勘探开发滞后,已不能适应阿勒泰地区经济发展对矿产开发的需求。为缓解阿勒泰地区煤炭紧缺状况,依据勘探程度、构造复杂程度、煤层露头线及煤层1 000m深部界线等因素圈定三巴斯陶、塔哈拉巴斯塔乌、喀拉萨依等3个含煤远景区作为煤炭资源评价单元,将资源条件、开采技术条件、开发条件和开发效益等影响煤炭资源评价的要素细化为29个评价参数,运用层次分析法（AHP）建立煤炭资源评价模型,构建对比矩阵,确定评价参数权值总排序。根据各评价对象的调查成果,结合专家意见给出各参数隶属度权值,利用乘积法得出评价对象的综合评价隶属度：三巴斯陶为0.627 5,塔哈拉巴斯塔乌为0.700 5,喀拉萨依为0.682 7。根据该结果,认为塔哈拉巴斯塔乌含煤远景区煤炭资源综合条件较好,可作为下一步勘查工作的首选区。     

基于两种插值算法的三维地质建模对比

三维地质建模过程中,插值算法对模型准确性具有显著影响。为评价不同插值算法对三维建模准确性的影响,本文选取反距离权重插值法和自然邻域插值法开展对比研究。通过理论分析和案例研究,从统计学原理、插值误差和可视化效果等三方面进行了对比分析。结果表明：反距离权重插值法在建模中精度较高,适应面更广。与自然邻域插值法相比,反距离权重插值法更加适用于地层缺失严重的层位,能够更好地保留地层缺失的特征;同时,反距离权重插值法能够更好地处理断层构造,对于地层的错断起伏情况表现效果更好;反距离权重插值法在沉积地层中误差更小,与实际情况更接近。