测量实习效果模糊综合评价模型及应用

指出了传统测量实习效果评价方法的不足之处,根据测量实习效果评价的模糊性,建立了测量实习效果模糊综合评价模型,并应用于教学实践.     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应

利用7个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计构建家系,建立育种基础群体,估计体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interactions,G×E)。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传力估计值范围分别在(0.19±0.09)—(0.43±0.09),(0.27±0.04)—(0.45±0.06),均属于中高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P<0.05)。Z-score检验表明,体重和存活性状遗传力估计值在河北黄骅(HBHH)和青岛鳌山(QBAS)两个测试场间差异均不显著。体重和存活性状的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.007和0.008,表现为低度线性负相关。对于体重和存活性状,HBHH和QBAS场间的遗传相关分别为0.83±0.04和0.40±0.11。体重性状的G×E效应不显著(K<0.5),但存活性状存在显著的G×E效应(K>0.5)。上述结果显示,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传变异丰富,多代选择可获得较大的遗传进展。     

LDPC码及其研究进展

对低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)的结构、编译码原理进行了介绍，并与turbo码进行了简单的比较，最后对目前LDPC码的几个研究方向及其进展作了较详细的论述，指出LDPC码具有很大的发展前景。     

基于非达西渗流的软土一维非线性固结半解析解

在土中渗流遵循非达西渗流定律的前提下,考虑软土在固结过程中的非线性固结特性,根据饱和土体一维固结的连续条件,推导出基于非达西渗流的软土一维非线性固结控制方程。利用半解析方法对其进行求解,并与差分计算结果进行对比,验证半解析方法的可靠性。最后,着重分析非达西渗流与达西定律之间非线性固结性状的差别,以及不同自重应力分布方式对固结速率的影响。结果表明,考虑非达西渗流下的非线性固结速率比达西定律下要慢,且指数和临界水力坡降越大,非线性固结速率越慢。而且,作用的外荷载越小、地基土层越厚,非达西渗流下非线性固结速率的减慢愈明显。自重应力均匀分布下的非线性固结速率要比自重应力线性分布下慢,但随着荷载的增大、土层的变薄,两者之间的差别会越来越小。     

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不同权重条件下降雨对边坡稳定性影响的二级模糊综合评判

边坡稳定性影响因素众多,其中一部分具有明显的不确定性,用经典数学理论及力学模型很难描述。采用二级模糊综合评判法,对影响边坡稳定的离散型和连续型因素采用不同方法确定隶属度,并利用二元对比分析法给出各因素权重值;同时考虑降雨对边坡稳定的重要影响,对降雨后各影响因素的权重进行修正,建立边坡稳定的二级模糊综合评判计算模型,评价降雨前后边坡稳定性的变化。研究结果表明：模型所采用的隶属函数,充分考虑了各个因素的不同特点和分布规律;考虑降雨前后权重的变化,能使评判结果更趋合理。以实际工程为例,模糊综合评判结果显示：降雨前边坡处于基本稳定状态,降雨后处于欠稳定状态,与经典极限平衡法计算结果一致。     

Optimizing layout of pumping well in irrigation district for groundwater sustainable use in northwest China

Optimizing layout of pumping well plays a vital role in curbing the groundwater level decline. A novel optimization model is presented in this study. First, the optimal well number is obtained by taking into account factors of local economy and environment based on nonlinear programming model. Then, the well spatial layout assessment model is attained based on information entropy weight and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). After that, the relative closeness to positive ideal solution of alternative (c_i) on the rationality of well spatial layout in cultivated land is calculated, and a set of alternatives are ranked according to the descending order of c_i. Finally, the well optimization layout is obtained by combining the optimal well number with well spatial layout assessment result based on the GIS data of pumping wells. As a case study, this method was applied in Yongchang Irrigation District of Shiyang River Basin, the arid region of northwest China. Results show that under the conditions of sustainable use of water resources, the irrigation district needed 724 wells for irrigation, with a decrease of 31.0% when compared with the existing number of wells. The wells with low flow rate and operating efficiency distributed in high density where groundwater is over‐exploitation were recommended to be closed. This well optimization layout method is expected to play a significant role in helping make plans for exploiting groundwater at more sustainable level, curbing the groundwater level decline trend, and improving the local ecological environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

社区减灾能力的熵权-灰靶评价方法研究——以苏州新区为例

社区是城市细胞和基层单位,其防灾减灾能力建设对构建城市安全体系有着极其重要的作用。本文借助于熵权-灰靶模型和GIS叠置分析技术进行社区减灾能力综合评价方法研究,首先从灾害风险评估能力、救援与保障能力等6个方面构建起包含30个二级指标的社区减灾能力评价指标体系。经过指标序列的影响空间和标准模式的构建、灰靶变换和靶心度分级,进行社区减灾能力分级评价。以苏州新区作为案例分析研究区,借助于ArcMap10.2软件得到该区域的社区减灾能力空间分布特征图。分析结果表明,研究区社区减灾能力总体上呈现东区较好,西区较弱,区域内社区减灾能力建设不平衡特征。研究区各街道和社区的灾害风险评估能力和灾害管理能力较好,工程防御能力总体分布不均衡,经济基础支撑能力、救援与保障能力、公众认知能力较差,说明社区综合减灾能力不足,今后应从单纯依赖减灾示范社区建设转变为加强社区综合减灾能力的内涵建设。     

Delineation of potential exploration targets based on 3D geological modeling: A case study from the Laoangou Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic ore deposit,China

The Laoangou Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic ore deposit (LAG) is a hydrothermal vein-type deposit in the East Qinling polymetallic metallogenic belt, which is controlled by NW-, NE- and nearly SN-trending faults and mainly hosted in the dolomite marble of Meiyaogou and Baishugou formations within the Luanchuan ore district (LOD). Although district-scale metallogenic prediction related to the Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the LOD has been attempted, there have been no studies to formulate a detailed deposit-scale metallogenic prediction of the Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in 3D space. Here we selected the LAG to formulate a metallogenic prediction model for Pb-Zn-Ag deposit based on data from 1:10,000 scale geological map, and 66 boreholes and 39 sections of exploration lines on 1:1000 scale, to extract the salient spatial features of the deposit. We apply ordinary weights and weighted weights of evidence, followed by boosted weights of evidence, logistic regression and information entropy for integrating the features of the ore deposit for exploration targeting. The C–V fractal method is applied to classify the probabilities. Accordingly, three levels of exploration targets are delineated: the first level targets are mainly distributed in the periphery of known orebodies (M2, M3, II-3 and VI), which are also located in the ore-controlling strata and fault zones; the second level targets are located in the region of known orebodies, indirectly confirming that the prediction result is reliable; and the third level targets, which are mainly located at the contact between ore-controlling strata and metagabbro bodies, offer new targets for exploration in this ore district. Combining our results obtained in this study with those in previous studies, we provide some guidelines for exploration targets in the Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the LOD, which might help in more effectively delineating the target zones.