Centrifuge modeling of offshore wind foundations under earthquake loading

The construction of large offshore wind turbines in seismic active regions has great demand on the design of foundations. The occurrence of soil liquefaction under seismic motion will affect the stability of the foundations and consequently the operation of the turbines. In this study, a group of earthquake centrifuge tests was performed on wind turbine models with gravity and monopile foundations, respectively, to exam their seismic response. It was found that the seismic behavior of models was quite different in the dry or saturated conditions. Each type of foundation exhibited distinct response to the earthquake loading, especially in the offshore environment. In the supplementary tests, several remediation methods were evaluated in order to mitigate the relatively large lateral displacement of pile foundation (by fixed-end pile and multi-pile foundation) and excessive settlement of gravity foundation (by densification, stone column, and cementation techniques).     

特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱特征周期取值研究

特征周期是抗震设计反应谱的重要参数,开展特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱特征周期的研究,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。对美国、日本等世界范围内的1448 条Ⅲ类场地水平向强震记录进行了统计分析,结果表明震级、震中距对特征周期有较大影响;强震记录特征周期的80%分位数结果约为0.9s。对全国近年来已通过评审的312 个Ⅲ类场地的地震安全性评价结果进行了统计分析,70%分位数的特征周期为0.9s。结合相关规范的对比分析,建议特高压电气设备抗震设计反应谱的特征周期取0.9s,可有效保证特高压电气设备的地震安全。     

饱和土体瞬态响应有限元分析

给出基于Biot多孔介质理论分析饱和土体在动载荷作用下瞬态响应的有限元公式,数值计算部分采用本文有限元法分别计算一维饱和土柱在两种不同类型动载荷作用下的瞬态响应,并将数值计算结果与文献中的解析解进行比较,二者结果十分吻合,从而验证本文方法的可行性。     

天津地区覆盖层土动力学参数统计分析

收集天津地区近年来有代表性的具有完整土动力学参数作为实验数据的地震安全性评价报告66份,用两种统计方法按不同深度统计分析粉质黏土、黏土、粉土、砂土、淤泥质土等的实测土动力学参数,给出动剪切模量比和阻尼比平均值。选取2个典型工程场地,构建土层分析模型,进行土层地震反应分析计算。结果表明,本文得到的统计2值在天津地区具有一定的代表性和适用性,与实测值结果更为接近。对于获得原状土样困难的场地,特别是对于较薄的夹层土,可参照统计2结果进行分析计算。     

地理信息安全加密系统的实现与应用

地理信息是涉及国家安全的基础性和战略性资源,出于对国家安全的考虑,需要对地理信息进行严格保护。本文通过研发地理信息安全加密系统,实现了对地理信息数据的安全管理与控制。以宾阳县地理国情普查数据生产为例,通过使用加密系统,实现了对地理信息数据分发、使用、生产的安全管理。     

Resource recovery and remediation of highly alkaline residues: A political-industrial ecology approach to building a circular economy

Highly alkaline industrial residues (e.g., steel slag, bauxite processing residue (red mud) and ash from coal combustion) have been identified as stocks of potentially valuable metals. Technological change has created demand for metals, such as vanadium and certain rare earth elements, in electronics associated with renewable energy generation and storage. Current raw material and circular economy policy initiatives in the EU and industrial ecology research all promote resource recovery from residues, with research so far primarily from an environmental science perspective. This paper begins to address the deficit of research into the governance of resource recovery from a novel situation where re-use involves extraction of a component from a bulk residue that itself represents a risk to the environment. Taking a political industrial ecology approach, we briefly present emerging techniques for recovery and consider their regulatory implications in the light of potential environmental impacts. The paper draws on EU and UK regulatory framework for these residues along with semi-structured interviews with industry and regulatory bodies. A complex picture emerges of entwined ownerships and responsibilities for residues, with past practice and policy having a lasting impact on current possibilities for resource recovery.     

Problematising justice definitions in public food security debates: Towards global and participative food justices

In the current environment of austerity, social justice concerns are increasingly permeating the food security agenda. However, there is a need to clarify what it means to create socially just food systems conceptually and practically. To address this gap, this paper proposes an analytical framework to embed a more complex conceptualisation of justice in food security debates that also serves as a bridging device across competing narratives. This framework is mobilised to analyse the framing process of the UK media, which plays a key role in developing narratives that provide audiences with schemas for interpreting events. Results show the emergence of eleven frames which highlight different solutions to deliver food security. The application of the justice analytical framework evidences the contingent relationship between food security and justice claims and discusses how these food security frames address differently what counts as a matter of justice (including economic, socio-cultural and political dimensions) and who counts as a subject of justice, tackling issues around delimitation of scales and sites of justice. The analysis reveals polarised positions between whether the sites subject to justice should be individuals or structures and uncovers how political and global elements of justice are largely by-passed in food security debates. These conceptualisations of justice and associated policy recommendations neglect the potential for people to participate fully in the conditions and decisions that give rise to particular distributions of goods and bads in the first place; limiting the construction of shared responsibilities to deliver global and participative food justices.     

西湖凹陷渐新世层序地层格架与沉积充填响应

东海陆架盆地是中国近海最大的沉积盆地,而西湖凹陷又是其中规模最大的富油气凹陷。多年的勘探实践证明渐新统花港组为西湖凹陷主力产气层段,但其层序地层划分长期存在较大争议。在分析了西湖凹陷盆地结构与构造格局的基础上,依据测井、岩芯以及地震反射特征,将西湖凹陷渐新统划分出5个三级层序与12个体系域,建立了其等时地层格架;并通过大量岩芯的写实性描述,结合沉积构造与遗迹化石鉴别以及地球化学资料分析对沉积环境进行了判识,分析结果认为西湖凹陷渐新统花港组沉积时期发生过两次较大的海侵事件,形成“南海北陆”的沉积格局,并发育了河流、三角洲、潮控河口湾以及无障壁海岸四种沉积体系,其沉积体系类型较多,从南到北变化巨大。西湖凹陷渐新世整体表现为“东西短轴三角洲”、“南部潮汐河口湾”、“东北缓岸滩坝”的沉积体系展布格局。系统分析了沉积相在各层序中的展布特征及其对海平面变化的响应、层序演化过程及其对海平面变化的响应,构建了东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷构造-沉积成因模式,明确了“断坳转换,海陆交替”的盆地构造背景与沉积充填的响应关系。     

国家重点研发计划“水资源高效开发利用”重点专项解析

国家重点研发计划"水资源高效开发利用"重点专项是国家科技计划管理改革后首批启动的重点专项之一。该专项立足中国水资源安全形势和国内外科技发展现状及趋势,以提升国家水资源安全保障的科技支撑能力为目标,通过全链条创新和全景式布局,凝练了现阶段中国水资源安全领域亟需解决的重点研究任务。深入分析了"水资源高效开发利用"重点专项的总体布局、科学目标、主要任务和立项情况,剖析了2016年和2017年项目立项和申报中存在的现象和问题,讨论了下一步支持的重点任务方向,对于加强重点专项项目的立项、申报和管理,保障总体目标实现具有积极的指导作用。     

全球气候变化与地质灾害响应分析

对全球气候变化对地质灾害的响应关系,尤其是对滑坡和泥石流灾害的响应关系进行了综述。工业化革命以来,特别是近几十年来全球气候发生着重要的变化,全球几乎所有地区都经历着升温过程。全球气候变化对极端天气事件(极端降雨、气温升高、强风和洪水灾害)的影响尤为强烈,并且增加了地质灾害的发生风险。其中,水循环和气温的变化是影响地质灾害发生的直接因素。气温上升会导致大气层含水量升高、冰川冻土退化、海平面上升、蒸发作用增强;水循环变化会导致降雨频率、降水周期、降水强度的改变。日益增加的极端天气与同岩土体相互作用,导致了不同类型地质灾害的发生,严重威胁着人类的生活起居。