Generation and accumulation of Quaternary shallow gas in eastern Qaidam Basin, NW China

1INTRODUCTION SHALLOW(MOSTLYBIOGENIC)GASACCOUNTSFOROVER20%OFTHEWORLD’SDISCOVEREDGASRESERVES(RICEAND CLAYPOOL,1981;CLAYPOOLANDKAPLAN,1974),AND REPRESENTSONEOFTHEUNCONVENTIONALENERGYSOURCES THATINCREASINGLYATTRACTTHEATTENTIONOFPETROLEUMGEOL OGISTS.NUMEROUS…     

AUTOCAD软件在地质绘图中的应用二例

AUTOCAD及MAPGIS作为煤田地质勘探专业普及程度较高的的主打软件,可非常方便地制作地形图、煤层储量图、钻孔柱状图等常规地质报告图件。使用AUTOCAD的图像控件菜单可提高制图效率,为此,介绍了从建立模板文件、幻灯片文件、到配置AUTOCAD系统文件的步骤及详细内容。为保证MAPGIS文件有效利用现有AUTOCAD制图软件生成的大量数据,详细介绍了AUTOCAD文件格式转换MAPGIS文件格式的方法、步骤及转换过程中需要注意的事项。     

锑的野外快速分析方法——氢化物发生-光导分光光度法

详细考察了用氢化物发生-光导比色法在野外实验条件下测定Sb的各种条件及影响因素，制定了适合野外的氢化物发生-光导比色快速测定锑的方法。样品经王水封闭溶解后，在掩蔽剂存在下，用自制的硼氢化钾片使经预还原的Sb生成氢化物逸出，将吸收液中的Fe（Ⅲ）还原为Fe（Ⅱ）与邻菲口罗啉显色，用自行开发、研制的光导分光光度（比色）计进行比色测定。方法的检出限（3s）为0．18μg/g，加标回收率为96．0％～98．0％，11次测定的精密度（RSD）小于8．2％。方法经国家一级标准物质验证，分析结果与标准值吻合。     

巴彦浩特盆地烃渗漏蚀变带"磁亮点"的识别

采用多层组合棱柱体建立了磁性蚀变带磁场正演模型,并分析了由它产生的“磁亮点”的特征,运用“磁亮点”的宽度和异常幅值特征构制的滤波器,提取了7个可能与烃运移有关的“磁亮点”。结合地质与伽马能谱测量资料的分析得出,其中的2个“磁亮点”位于含油地层石炭系较厚的凹中隆和山前断阶带,且该区也有放射性低值异常显示,是值得进一步工作的油气远景区。     

Geochemical significance of hydrocarbons desorbed from asphaltenes

Saturate hydrocarbon fractions desorbed (cleaned) from asphaltenes extracted and separated from two core samples (a tar sand and a reservoir sandstone sample) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated thatn-alkanes adsorbed in asphaltenes were kept quite well during and after severe biodegradation over 360 Ma. Hydrocarbon desorption could be an alternative method of, or even better than the pyrolysis of asphaltenes to reconstruct the hydrocarbon fingerprints of primary oils and extend the understanding of the origins of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Research Center of Tarim Petroleum Exploration and Development.     

Effect of artificial maturation on carbazole distributions, as revealed by the hydrous pyrolysis of an organic-sulphur-rich source rock (Ghareb Formation, Jordan)

Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed on the Ghareb Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Jordan), a carbonate- and organic-rich (TOC 19.6%) source rock, using a temperature range of 200 to 360°C (72 h). The original sediment contains only low amounts of carbazoles, (maximum 2.2 μg/g bitumen for 1-methylcarbazole). With increasing thermal maturation, intense generation begins at temperatures only in excess of 300°C, reaching a maximum at 360°C. Likewise, during natural maturation, generation occurs at later stages of maturity (e.g. for Tithonian source rocks at >0.81% R_r and for Posidonia Shale at >0.88% R_r). Some isomeric changes during hydrous pyrolysis do not resemble those in nature whereas others do. The relative abundances of selected C₁- and C₂-alkylcarbazoles on ternary diagrams reveal differences, whereas the benzo[a]carbazole/benzo[a]carbazole+benzo[c]carbazole ratio is closely similar. The latter result supports the contention that maturation plays a key role in controlling carbazole distributions in source rocks. However, the results for alkylcarbazoles, especially the C₂-carbazoles, are not easy to interpret.     

Release of sulfur- and oxygen-bound components from a sulfur-rich kerogen during simulated maturation by hydrous pyrolysis

An immature sulfur-rich marl from the Gessosso-solfifera Formation of the Vena del Gesso Basin (Messinian, Italy) has been subjected to hydrous pyrolysis (160 to 330°C) to simulate maturation under natural conditions. The kerogen of the unheated and heated samples was isolated and the hydrocarbons released by selective chemical degradation (Li/EtNH₂ and HI/LiAlH₄) were analysed to allow a study of the fate of sulfur- and oxygen-bound species with increasing temperature. The residues from the chemical treatments were also subjected to pyrolysis–GC to follow structural changes in the kerogens. In general, with increasing hydrous pyrolysis temperature, the amounts of sulfide- and ether-bound components in the kerogen decreased significantly. At the temperature at which the generation of expelled oil began (260°C), almost all of the bound components initially present in the unheated sample were released from the kerogen. Comparison with an earlier study of the extractable organic matter using a similar approach and the same samples provides molecular evidence that, with increasing maturation, solvent-soluble macromolecular material was initially released from the kerogen, notably as a result of thermal cleavage of weak carbon–heteroatom bonds (sulfide, ester, ether) even at temperatures as low as 220°C. This solvent-soluble macromolecular material then underwent thermal cleavage to generate hydrocarbons at higher temperatures. This early generation of bitumen may explain the presence of unusually high amounts of extractable organic matter of macromolecular nature in very immature S-rich sediments.     

辽河盆地东部凹陷头沈地区下第三系构造与油气

本文综合论述了辽河盆地东部凹陷头沈地区下第三系构造与油气的关系。对该区构造格架及构造对沉积的控制作用进行了阐述;详细研究了断裂与油气运聚的关系;最后以一地震测线为例,指出构造与油气藏类型的关系及油气成藏模式。     

Paleomagnetic Polarity Research of Paleobiology Boundary (Bed 27) of Meishan, Changxing, Zhejiang Province

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自由对流及其对成岩作用和烃类运移的影响

自由对流是一种由于流体的密度变化而产生的流体的运动。在沉积盆地,随深度增加,流体的温度也升高,升高的温度可引起流体的热膨胀作用,从而导致地下流体密度随深度而降低,产生垂向密度差。在一定的条件下,该密度差可导致流体产生自由对流。自由对流的流体在运动过程中搬运了大量的矿物质和烃类。由于这些矿物质和烃类的溶解度几乎都与温度有关,因此在对流圈的高温和低温部位,将出现一些矿物质和烃类的溶解、析出或沉淀,从而对成岩作用和烃类运移、聚集构成重要的影响。