轨道交通对住宅价格和土地开发强度的影响——以北京市13号线为例

理论分析表明,轨道交通对郊区住宅价格的影响要大于城市中心区。针对北京市地铁13号线周边住宅的实证研究结果验证了这一理论。在郊区,轨道交通站点周边1km内的住宅价格要比1km外高出近20%,而在中心区这一效应并不显著。此外,随着城市交通网络的完善,13号线对住宅价格的影响在开通2年后不再显著。同时,轨道交通在两个方面对城市的土地开发强度产生显著影响。13号线的建设推动了北京市土地开发向北部郊区的跳跃式发展;同时抬高了郊区轨道交通站点周边的土地开发强度-与13号线郊区站点的距离每缩短3.3km,住宅项目的容积率提高1.0。本研究的定量分析结论能够为"交通引导开发"(TOD)的城市空间发展战略,以及轨道交通的费用效益分析和"溢价回收"策略提供决策支持。     

广州城市中等收入群体住房困境与策略研究

采用恩格尔系数法界定广州城市中等收入群体的产生、发展,利用统计方法计算出各年份广州城市中等收入群体的具体收入区间,进而深入分析广州城市中等收入群体的住房困境,并借鉴国外经验,将中等偏下收入群体纳入住房保障范围,实行税收优惠政策、控制规划与土地出让确保普通商品住房为市场供应主体,完善限价房制度,政府加大中等收入群体聚居区配套支出,限制高收入群体和外国人士投机、改革公积金制度、发展合作建房等方面提出解决城市中等收入群体住房问题的策略。     

以持续可居性为核心的经济适用房设计

在对低收入家庭的居住现状与居住空间需求的调查研究基础上,结合2008年全国保障性住房设计方案竞赛的回顾与思考,提出社会保障型住宅设计的策略与原则。     

Characteristics of post-socialist urban transformation in East Central Europe

The development of the post-socialist city has already been characterised by substantial restructuring processes. Particular emphasis should be drawn to the take-off of the tertiary sector and the comprehensive blight phenomena in the previously industrial areas. The urban housing sector has witnessed increasing housing affordability problems, a marginalisation of communal housing stock, an increase of segregation and an intensification of the decay in the old housing stock. In all East Central European states the spatial development processes of industry and services within the cities basically show clear parallels to the pattern of urban development in continental Europe. In Hungary housing policy, tenure structure and the level of segregation already show relatively closer similarities to the neoliberal, Anglo–American pattern of development. The other ECE states show closer similarities to the corporatist welfare states of continental Europe. As far as medium-term urban development in East Central Europe is concerned, it is to be assumed that – regardless of the specific path of further development – overall solutions shall not be found for the fundamental problems which are the legacy of the socialist era – the decay of old housing stock, large scale derelict industrial areas and the extent and deficiencies of high-rise housing estates. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

住区环境对居民主观幸福感的影响机制研究——以深圳混合居住区为例

随着中国特色社会主义新时代人民对美好生活的向往与日俱增,配建房居住群体作为一类“夹心层”群体,其住区环境和主观幸福感理应得到充分重视。论文以深圳市混合居住区为例,揭示配建房住区环境对居民主观幸福感的影响机制。针对3个典型住区开展问卷及访谈调研,并构建结构方程模型,将地方感和房屋类型分别作为住区环境影响居民主观幸福感的中介变量和调节变量。研究结果表明：(1)总的看,住区环境对居民主观幸福感具有显著的直接影响;分维度看,社会环境对主观幸福感具有直接影响,而建成环境中,小区环境、社区环境和住房环境对主观幸福感影响均不显著;(2)由中介效应看,社会环境通过建立居民地方感间接影响主观幸福感;(3)由房屋类型看,相较保障房住户,人才房住户主观幸福感受社会环境影响强度更大。综合来看,研究结果能够为完善配建房制度提供科学决策支持。     

北京经济适用房布局特征及影响因素研究

20 世纪90 年代,中国开始实施经济适用住房政策。然而,在政策的实施过程中,由于不合理的布局,经济适用住房并没有切实解决中低收入家庭的住房问题。学者们通过研究发现,大多数经济适用住房被安排在城市边缘地区,缺乏配套公共设施。目前,相关研究较多关注经济适用住房的空间布局及其引发的社会问题,少有学者关注影响经济适用住房布局的因素。因此,本文试图从地方政府的视角解答影响经济适用住房布局的因素。研究提出假设,地方政府受到土地财政收入的驱动,将经济适用住房项目布置在对土地收益损失最小的地方,同时兼顾政策实施过程中的拆迁压力、住房市场结构以及公共交通便利性等。在假设基础上,对北京经济适用住房空间布局的时空特征进行分析,并构建经济适用住房布局的影响因素模型。结果发现：1999-2009 年间北京经济适用住房建设速度放慢,同时呈现向五环以外扩散及向某些点集聚的趋势;模型结果证实土地价格是政府在落实经济适用住房项目时考虑的重要因素。     

ICT对城中村居民居住和就业迁移空间的影响——以北京5个城中村调查为例

近年来中国以互联网技术为核心的信息通讯技术(ICT)发展迅速,对居民的社会经济活动、生活方式等产生了深刻影响。本文利用问卷调查、微信访谈等方式调查了北京5个典型城中村,利用多元无序多分类logistic回归模型验证信息渠道对城中村居民居住和迁移空间的影响,结果表明：城中村住房市场非正规化从信息源头切断了居民通过互联网获取住房信息的渠道,加上城中村居民选择新住所具有就业导向和以地缘—血缘为纽带聚集的特征,信息渠道对城中村居民的居住迁移距离没有显著影响;受“就业锚点”、“距离衰减定律”和非正规就业影响,信息渠道对城中村居民近距离就业迁移也没有显著影响,但在更大空间范围内,城中村居民能通过招聘网站、社交网络等网络渠道获取就业信息,ICT的发展丰富了他们的信息获取渠道,扩大了就业空间选择,一定程度上减轻了时空制约。本文加深了关于ICT对居民日常活动空间影响、技术进步与社会平等关系的理解,丰富了居民时空间行为研究。     

The declining importance of agricultural employment in East Germany

Agriculture has ceased to be the major employer in the rural areas of East Germany. Far-reaching structural change has resulted in a sharp decrease in employment and the mono-structural character of villages has been lost. Unemployment is now a major problem and women are worst affected. New jobs have been created in construction and elsewhere in the tertiary sector but most people who have found new jobs have to commute to the towns or migrate permanently to the urban areas. A north-south contrast has developed because the more developed network of towns in the latter, combined with a relatively good infrastructure, has enabled many villages to survive as viable communities. An example is Fuchshain near Leipzig where employment with the farming company (the former cooperative with 4200 ha of land) has declined but the population has grown through new housing built for commuters. In the north there has been much depopulation and many houses are used as second homes. Either way there is more conflict occurring now within rural communities because of tensions between the employed and the unemployed and between old and new residents. It is therefore important that land use planning should take into account the changed economic and social profiles and measures should be adopted to ensure that the countryside remains visually attractive and socially cohesive. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Housing the Urban Poor in Twenty-First Century Sub-Saharan Africa: Policy Mismatch and a Way Forward for Ghana

The debate on housing the urban poor has become more sophisticated since Turner’s original ideas of self-help and self-building by the poor were introduced in the 1970s. Today, the emphasis in housing the poor is on a pluralistic approach that stresses enabling housing provision for the poor by expanding the range of providers to include government, the private sector, the poor themselves, non-governmental agencies, and cooperatives. Official housing policy in Ghana does not reflect the pluralistic approach that prevails in practitioner and academic circles. Using ethnography, this paper presents the housing experience of a typical poor family in Ghana to determine what the poor build. It highlights the obstacles the poor have to overcome to acquire the housing they want. The ethnography provides a basis upon which the mismatch between the pluralistic approach and Ghana’s housing policy can be bridged thus providing a way forward. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of the housing industry in poverty alleviation in Ghana.     

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