基于粮食安全战略下的浙江省耕地保有量研究

依据1996～2008年耕地面积与粮食产量数据,采用基于粮食安全的耕地需求量预测方法,选取总人口、粮播比例、粮食单产、复种指数和人均粮食年需求量5个指标,分析预测了2020年浙江省耕地需求量。预测结果表明,到2020年全省耕地保有量至少为204.9万公顷,由此可见,基于粮食安全的浙江省耕地保护任务的艰巨性,并提出了耕地资源利用与保护的对策建议。     

科学合理、规范有序、持续发展——大力推进上海市浅层地热能开发利用

浅层地热能是绿色环保可再生清洁能源,其开发利用对建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会具有重要意义。介绍了上海开展浅层地热能的科研工作与开发应用成功实践,探讨了产业化发展中应重视和加强的技术和管理等方面的主要关键问题。     

山东半岛南部近岸海域渔业资源群落结构的季节变化

根据2006年夏、冬季和2007年春、秋季在山东半岛南部近岸海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查资料,初步分析了该海域渔业资源群落结构特征。结果表明,该海域4个航次的调查共捕获渔业资源种类72种。2006年夏、冬,2007年春、秋4个航次的单位网次渔获量分别为18.1、6.9、1.3、10.3 kg/h。生物量的季节变化,依次呈夏季>冬季>秋季>春季。优势种类主要为赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssakammalensis)、长蛇鲻(Sauridaelongate)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)及口虾蛄(Oratosquillaorato-ria)、剑尖枪乌贼(Loligoedulis)、鹰爪虾(Rachypenaeus curvirostris)等。根据4个航次的调查数据,分别计算了渔业生物群落的种类丰度指数R、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′、Pielou均匀度指数J′。通过聚类分析、单因子相似性分析(ANOSI M)、相似性百分比分析(SI MPER),以及对该海域游泳动物资源结构现状与历史调查数据对比分析表明,该海域渔业资源群落结构存在衰退现象。本研究为山东半岛南部海域渔业生物多样性保护和资源管理提供了参考依据。     

黔南州太阳能资源普查分析

利用黔南州1961～2010年50a的太阳日照时数资料,采用参考辐射站点的办法,对全州12个县市的太阳能资源进行了计算和分析评估,得出黔南州太阳能资源总体处于1 009.25～1 201.12 kW.h/m2.a,全州太阳能的高值区分布在州的南部,罗甸县、平塘县、独山县最高,而最差的则在州的西部长顺县,较差的为贵定县和瓮安县。     

Reproductive biology of Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), an endemic fructiferous species of the caatinga (dry forest), under different management conditions in northeastern Brazil

In areas under different management conditions (management units, MUs) located either on a slope or at the base of a slope and either in a plantation or in a pasture, we compared the flower and fruit production, floral visitors, visitation rates and pre-emergent reproductive success (PERS) of Spondias tuberosa (Anacardiaceae) in an area of dry forest in NE Brazil. Individuals in the plantation MU produced more flowers per inflorescence than those in other MUs, but there were no statistical differences in mean fruit set among MUs. The only difference in mean visitation rates was between the plantation (65.83 ± 38.49) and the slope sites (11.5 ± 12.8). We observed visits by 19 insect species, including bees (31.6%), butterflies (31.6%), wasps (26.3%) and flies (10.5%). A clustering analysis based on the number of visits showed that a) the plantation site is most different from the other MUs, b) the pasture and the site at the base of the slope are similar to the slope site, and c) the higher frequency of visits of pollinators in the plantation MU was responsible for these differences. Of the 19 species of insects visiting the flowers, 12 were considered pollinators. The pollinator similarity analysis indicated a clear separation between areas and suggested that human activity has resulted in the replacement of native pollinators by exotic species. However, these changes apparently have not affected the pre-emergent reproductive success of S. tuberosa. Our results show that plant reproductive biology in semi-arid ecosystems may be modified by human action and that changes in floral production and pollinator guilds are the most conspicuous effects. However, the traditional management performed by local people may not affect the reproductive success of plant species.     

Differential utilization of a shallow-water pulse by six shrub species in the Patagonian steppe

A field experiment was performed to improve understanding of the functional diversity of western Patagonian shrubs. Anarthrophyllum rigidum, Adesmia volckmanni, Berberis heterophylla, Mulinum spinosum, Schinus poligamus and Senecio filaginoides were compared in their capacity to absorb water from a 10-mm pulse enriched in deuterium and applied at the beginning of the dry summer. Xylem-water enrichment 14 days after watering was rather subtle, but the upper-soil signal was clear enough to distinguish shallow from deeper absorption. According to a linear mixing model, the proportion of surface-pulse water relative to total water uptake was maximum for Senecio (29-38%) and Mulinum (22-32%), both relatively shallow-rooted species, intermediate for Berberis (16-17%) and Schinus (6-9%), and negligible for the two N-fixing Fabaceae: Adesmia (<1%) and Anarthrophyllum (<3%), despite this last one having a dimorphic (tap + shallow) root system. It is hypothesized that shallow-water pulses may be more profitable in terms of nitrogen than of water, and thus constitute a higher-quality resource for those species only able to use N from soil sources.     

河南省水资源可持续利用指标体系构建

水资源的可持续利用是社会经济可持续发展的主要内容,分析河南省水资源的现状,在科学性、全面性、系统性、可行性、可比性、超前性和导向性原则的基础上创建河南省水资源可持续利用指标体系。该指标体系由驱动、核心和表征三类指标构成。从微观和宏观两个方面完整地描述了水资源的可持续利用的状态,涵盖了社会、经济、资源、环境保护等领域。在全面分析河南省水资源可持续利用现状的基础上,通过该指标体系的衡量与考核可以找出河南省在水资源可持续利用方面的不足,为有关部门制定相关政策提供决策依据。     

干旱区绿洲城市化发展与耕地保护协同性分析——以张掖市甘州区为例

城市化水平是衡量一个国家经济发达程度,特别是工业化水平高低的一个重要标志,而耕地非农化是城市化过程中的一种必然现象,耕地数量变化体现一定的社会经济发展规律。因此,研究耕地资源与城市化的关系具有一定的现实意义,有助于为当地政府城市规划和进一步发展提供参考依据。处在脆弱敏感的自然环境下,干旱区绿洲城市发展与耕地资源保护存在着显著矛盾。本文基于1996-2008年的统计数据,利用回归分析法和协调度分析法分析了甘州区城市化水平与耕地资源变化的相关性及协调性。结果表明:1996-2002年耕地资源与城市化水平呈现出一定相互促进的正相关关系;2003年耕地资源变化略有波动,耕地面积有所减少。2004-2008年耕地资源变化逐渐趋于平稳,而在此过程中城市化水平一直处于稳步上升状态。协同度除2004年呈不协调状态,其他年份呈基本协调或较协调趋势。     

江西省温泉资源地理分布及旅游开发布局研究

温泉具有医疗保健作用,是一种重要的健康旅游资源。江西省拥有丰富的温泉资源,分布范围广泛,集中分布在西部和南部的山地丘陵地区。江西温泉资源进行现代旅游开发的历史较短,已进行旅游开发的温泉仅占少数,开发强度由赣北、赣中到赣南依次递减。依据江西省内各区域温泉资源特点、交通条件、经济状况及旅游业发展水平等因素,提出采用网络化模式发展温泉旅游,通过“点一轴”渐进式扩散,形成“点”、“轴”、“面”相结合的空间结构网络系统,形成“一心两核、二轴四区”的旅游空间格局。     

大兴安岭中南部上二叠统林西组页岩气资源前景

在区域地质调查、露头剖面测量、钻孔编录等野外地质工作的基础上,对上二叠统林西组烃源岩的分布特征、沉积特征及有机地球化学特征进行了研究.结果表明,上二叠统林西组分布广泛、厚度巨大、暗色泥页岩发育,烃源岩的有机质丰度为中等—好,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型,有机质热演化程度为高成熟—过成熟,达到生气阶段,是大兴安岭中南部地区重要的生烃层位.综合评价认为,林西组具有较高的页岩气资源前景,是本区晚古生代最有利的页岩气勘探新层系之一.