A Review of the Bentong-Raub Suture vis-à-vis New Insight of the Tectonic Evolution of Malay Peninsula, South East Asia

As a milestone of the entire energy industry, unconventional resources have inevitably swept the world in the last decade, and will certainly dominate the global oil and gas industry in the near future. Eventually, the “unconventional” will become “conventional”. Along with the rapid development, however, some issues have emerged, which are closely related to the viability of unconventional resources development. Under the current circumstances of low crude oil and gas price, coupled with the prominent environmental concerns, the arguments about the development and production of unconventional resources have been recently heated up. This work introduced the full-blown aspects of unconventional resources especially shale reservoirs, by discussing their concepts and definitions, reviewing the shale gas and shale oil development history and necessity, analyzing the shale plays’ geology and petroleum systems with respects to key hydrocarbon accumulation elements and mechanisms, and summarizing the technology resolution. This study also discussed the relevant key issues, including significant estimation uncertainty of technically recoverable resources, the equivocal understanding of complex geology preventing the production and technologies implementation optimization, the difficulties of experiences and technologies global expanding, and the corresponding risks and uncertainties. In addition, based on the latest production and exploration data, the future perspective of the unconventional resources was depicted from global unconventional resources assessments, technology development, and limitations constraining the development.     

长兴岛碳酸盐岩裂隙岩溶水特征分析

长兴岛碳酸盐岩区占整个岛的44%,受降雨、岩性、构造等条件的影响,岩溶较发育,地下水资源较丰富,且水质较好,适宜作为饮用水水源。在收集大量基础地质资料,并结合现场调查、钻探、抽水试验成果,分析了从上至下5层岩溶带的发育特征、赋水性规律及补、径、排条件。同时考虑供水水文地质条件,进行了天然资源和开采资源概算,及成井条件、水质的分析评价。     

对华南矿产资源深部探测若干问题的探讨——以若干超大型矿床深部找矿突破为例

华南是中国近百年内矿产资源开发强度比较高的地区,形成了赣南钨矿、桂北锡矿、湘南铅锌矿等一大批老矿山。随着已探明资源的快速消耗,"深地"探测、深部找矿已是大势所趋。基于对华南不同地区、不同类型、不同企业矿山生产情况的了解,文章对矿产资源的深部探测问题,从探测的目标、理论、深度、程度、效益等诸方面加以探讨,认为:当前技术经济条件下,1坚持国家目标、科学目标和人才目标相结合的原则,宜灵活运用各种成矿理论,充分发挥"五层楼+地下室"等勘查模型的作用,把"层状含矿地质体"作为矿产资源深部探测的主要目标;2坚持从已知到未知和由浅入深的原则,重点在老矿区和浅部地质与矿产资源比较清楚的工作程度比较高的地区优先部署工作,既可以降低风险又可以满足现实需要;3宜坚持点面结合的原则,2000 m、3000 m乃至于5000 m深钻的部署,宜相应地部署在矿床、矿田和矿集区工作程度最高的地区,达到立体探测和"透明化"的目的;4坚持综合评价的原则,综合调查、综合评价、综合研究,学科也要综合,避免单打一,避免单学科冒进。以问题为导向,具体问题具体分析,注意合理的探测深度和工作程度,抓住关键,有针对性地布设工作量,才能取得成效。     

二连浩特市水资源与经济社会和谐度评价

以二连浩特市人水关系为研究对象,从取水总量和谐度、用水效率和谐度、水生态环境保护和谐度三个方面构建了二连浩特市水资源与经济社会和谐度评价体系。从评价结果可以看出,二连浩特市开展节水型社会建设以来,水资源与经济社会和谐度发生了较显著的改善。评价体系较好地反映了二连浩特市水资源与经济社会和谐度,对北方干旱缺水地区节水型社会建设具有借鉴意义。     

北京飞云瀑景点崩塌地质灾害分析及防治方法研究

近15年来,北京飞云瀑景点附近发生过2次大规模崩塌,崩塌堆积岩块体积累计达450 m3,崩塌岩块已滚落覆盖至景区小路。经勘查,确定了1处危岩体及1处危岩带,该危岩体及危岩带对本景点的正常观赏及过往游人构成极大威胁。本文对该景点的崩塌地质灾害地质特征进行了简要介绍;对地质灾害成因、自然发展趋势等进行了初步探讨;对危岩体(带)的稳定性进行了计算、分析及评价;对可能采用的治理方法进行了比选分析。为了最大程度地保护景观资源,最终选择了以避让为主的治理措施,并对选定的治理方案及计算进行了阐述。     

Marine science and technology transfer: Can the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission advance governance of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction?

Marine scientific research is crucial to forge solutions in the development of a new international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea . The transfer of marine technology, capacity development and marine genetic resources are key issues. This paper examines how the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), as a competent international organisation for marine scientific research and technology transfer, can inform the development of the instrument. Synergies between marine technology transfer and non-monetary benefit sharing of genetic resources are illustrated. Four key lessons from the IOC are examined: 1. Coordinating international cooperation in marine scientific research; 2. Enabling open access to data and knowledge; 3. Facilitating capacity development through scientific training and education; and 4. Governance of marine scientific research. Realising the potential of the IOC to advance governance solutions for ABNJ will depend on increased political will from Member States and strengthened partnerships to reduce resource constraints and enhance the IOC's capacity at global and regional scales.     

Relations between professional groups in the Atlantic and Mediterranean fishing enclaves of Andalusia (Spain): A personal networks approach with clustered graphs

This paper proposes a new network-based approach to analyse intergroup relations in fishing ports. The technique of clustered graphs is applied to the case of the Andalusian fishing ports to assess the balance between intra and inter-professional relationships. The patterns of sociability in Mediterranean and Atlantic fishing enclaves in the southern region of Spain were compared, examining their implications for participatory governance of marine resources. The personal networks of 53 fishermen, ship owners or skippers and key individuals of 18 Andalusian fisheries were analysed. The personal networks were compared in terms of fishing ground (Atlantic versus Mediterranean) and port type (by size and form of participation). The data of 45 individuals with whom each respondent usually interacts in the harbour was summarised in clustered graphs of intra-group and inter-group relationships between 8 professional roles in the harbour. Results show primarily that personal networks of Mediterranean ports are overall denser, in comparison with those of the Atlantic, which are more centralised and have a higher average betweenness. Secondly, in the Atlantic a clear difference of roles between ship owners and skippers is observed. A strong link between ship owners and the crew was found, and also between the ship owner and commercial roles in the Mediterranean. Small ports seem to be more apt for the artisanalisation of fisheries, as well as for the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy.     

News from the seabed – Geological characteristics and resource potential of deep-sea mineral resources

Marine minerals such as manganese nodules, Co-rich ferromanganese crusts, and seafloor massive sulfides are commonly seen as possible future resources that could potentially add to the global raw materials supply. At present, a proper assessment of these resources is not possible due to a severe lack of information regarding their size, distribution, and composition. It is clear, however, that manganese nodules and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts are a vast resource and mining them could have a profound impact on global metal markets, whereas the global resource potential of seafloor massive sulfides appears to be small. These deep-sea mineral commodities are formed by very different geological processes resulting in deposits with distinctly different characteristics. The geological boundary conditions also determine the size of any future mining operations and the area that will be affected by mining. Similarly, the sizes of the most favorable areas that need to be explored for a global resource assessment are also dependent on the geological environment. Size reaches 38 million km² for manganese nodules, while those for Co-rich crusts (1.7 million km²) and massive sulfides (3.2 million km²) are much smaller. Moreover, different commodities are more abundant in some jurisdictions than in others. While only 19% of the favorable area for manganese nodules lies within the Exclusive Economic Zone of coastal states or is covered by proposals for the extension of the continental shelf, 42% of the favorable areas for massive sulfides and 54% for Co-rich crusts are located in EEZs.     

基于高效生态农业布局导向性的资源环境承载力评价—以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区为例

该文在对研究区资源环境本底基本了解的基础上,建立了包括耕地资源、水资源、社会经济资源、土壤环境、极端气候发生率和地质环境6个二级指标的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,利用层次分析法确定相关指标权重,分别对6个要素进行承载力评价。在各单元要素评价基础上,结合黄河三角洲高效生态经济区农业发展要求,划分出了沿海湿地生态系统保护带、北部盐渍化土质特色种植区、南部优质粮食生产区和果蔬集中种植区4个生态农业布局适宜区,并提出发展建议。     

中国装备制造业产学研合作创新网络初探

产学研合作是区域创新的主要途径和重要来源.以中国装备制造产业为例,基于中国知识产权局1985-2012年间的合作发明专利数据,借助SPSS,UCINET,ArcGIS等定量分析工具,对中国装备制造产业合作网络的创新主体结构,空间结构及其演变,创新合作的空间尺度的影响因素进行了分析.研究发现,民营企业,高校在中国装备制造产业创新网络中的地位不断上升,数量不断增加,且已经成为重要的创新源泉;市域空间合作成为发达地区城市产学研创新合作最重要的空间单元,国家空间是欠发达地区城市产学研创新合作的主要空间载体;理工科高校等科技资源的空间集聚态势是导致创新网络层级特征的主要因子,科技资源富集的行政中心如直辖市,省会城市等发达城市成为最重要的资源集聚地,创新源泉和创新合作对象.