定角圆锥扫描式机载激光测深系统定位模型与精度评价

从定角圆锥扫描式机载激光测深系统激光测距仪内部结构出发,推导了棱镜、大气、海水中激光光线方向矢量方程,结合GPS/INS定位定姿系统,推导出激光脚点在成图坐标系中的定位模型。充分考虑对机载激光测深系统定位精度产生影响的各个因素,通过误差传播定律给出了圆锥扫描式机载激光测深系统的综合精度评价模型。参照国际上应用广泛的相关仪器系统参数、指标,对机载激光测深系统的定位精度进行实际计算,并对定位模型中涉及的主要误差源进行分析和讨论。     

大型建筑物三维激光扫描的流程及精度分析

三维激光扫描技术能够提供扫描物体表面的三维点云数据,瞬时测得空间三维坐标值和相应的影像数据,根据获取的空间点云数据快速构建三维可视化模型,精度优良且输出格式多样,能满足不同应用的需求.以扫描大型建筑物为例,论述了三维激光扫描系统的主要构成和工作流程,误差产生的来源及相应的质量控制进行分析,获得满足技术设计要求的扫描数据...     

三维激光扫描技术在高铁隧道平整度检测中的应用

高质量的隧道衬砌平整度不但对二衬防水施工有至关重要的影响,而且也是保证隧道线型、结构受力均匀及运营期防水系统持久有效的重要条件之一.三维激光扫描技术是近代广泛应用于隧道工程的一种集光、机、电及信息技术于一体的综合测量技术,得益于其现场海量点云的快速采集和分析能力,为隧道表面的平整度检测提供了一种全新的、可实施手段.本文...     

基于激光三维扫描技术的一种分类出地面点的方法

激光三维扫描技术可以直接获取地面三维数据,比传统测量方法具有高精度、高密集、高效率和成本低的优点.数据的分类是激光三维扫描技术中的关键问题之一.本文通过反复建立三角形的过程分类出地面点,并在实例中应用,效果良好.本方法简单易行,但是还存在着一些缺点有待改进.     

多波束与侧扫声呐图像区块信息融合方法研究

针对多波束声呐图像和侧扫声呐图像在位置和分辨率上的互补性及实践中对高质量海床地貌图像的需求,提出了基于两套声呐图像信息融合获取高质量海床地貌图像的思想和方法,研究了SURF匹配算法,提出了ISURF改进算法;基于独立和联合评价参数,对4种图像融合算法进行了深入研究,给出了适合声呐图像融合的最优算法及完整的两套图像融合过程,并用试验进行了验证。     

地面三维激光扫描技术的发展与应用前景

地面三维激光扫描技术可以快速地获取目标的高精度三维点云数据,在数字城市、数字考古、数字交通、数字管线及数字医学等行业得到了初步应用,显示了这一技术的广阔应用前景和蕴含的巨大经济价值.     

基于GLCM的侧扫声纳影像纹理数据库设计

根据侧扫声纳影像的特征,提出了基于灰度共生矩阵(gray level co-occurrence matrix,GLCM)纹理分析的声纳影像纹理提取方法,对不同的纹理特征参数进行量化分析,生成侧扫声纳纹理图像,并建立侧扫声纳图像纹理数据库,实验结果验证了该算法的有效性和可行性。     

三维激光扫描技术在排土场方量计算中的应用

运用Riegl VZ-400三维激光扫描仪对排土场进行了扫描,并对扫描数据进行了去噪、拼接、坐标转换、格式转换的处理,将排土场的点云数据以及原始地形分别生成栅格数据,运用ArcGIS中填挖方的计算方法对排土场的方量进行了计算,得出排土场的现有方量为78.9×104m3,已经超出了其设计的65×104m3,存在安全隐患,需采用有效措施进行防范。     

Geometrically modeling 2D scattered points: a review of the potential for methodologically improving mobile laser scanning in data processing

As a state-of-the-art mapping technology, mobile laser scanning (MLS) is increasingly applied to fields such as digital presentations of city environments. However, its application has recently met a bottleneck in data processing. It has been found that conventional methods for geometrically modeling 3D scattered points are inadequate when dealing with large volumes of MLS data. In fact, this is a challenge that has already been noted in the MLS-relevant fields, e.g. remote sensing, robot perception, and pattern recognition. A variety of algorithms under the schematic frame of analysis, modeling and synthesis (AMS) have been developed in these fields. The AMS paradigm is to first extract the implicit geometric primitives within each scan profile by geometrically modeling its 2D scattered points (GM2P). The resultant 2D geometric primitives are then integrated to restore the real 3D geometrical models. In this process, GM2P is a kernel procedure whereby a review of the GM2P algorithms is assumed to be of significance for developing new efficient algorithms for geometrically modeling 3D scattered points. This idea is supported by MLS sampling often being executed via parallel scan profiles. Indeed, the results of the literature review indicate an avenue for methodologically improving MLS in data processing.     

Numerical experimental study on failure process of sandstone containing natural damage under freeze-thaw cycle北大核心CSCD

Natural damage such as fissures and pores make the rock microstructure show strong heterogeneity,which influences the failure process and mode. In this paper,the numerical test of freeze-thaw sandstone splitting failure with natural damage was carried out based on CT non-destructive identification technology,combined with digital image processing technology and CASRock numerical simulation software. The analysis of splitting failure mode,deformation localization and crack evolution process of freeze-thaw sandstone with natural damage reveals the failure mechanism of sandstone with natural damage under freeze-thaw and load. The results show that the expansion of primary pores（cracks）and the formation of new pores in sandstone are the main forms of freeze-thaw rock failure evolution. The failure of rock containing natural damage under freeze-thaw and load is related to the degree and distribution of natural damage. The generation of secondary cracks mostly occurs in natural damage-intensive areas. During the loading process,the stress in the localized damage zone is far greater than sandstone’s overall stress,and rock’s failure in the localized damage zone is synchronized with the energy release and stress release in the region. Localized damage reflects the evolution of cracks in rocks and helps to predict the direction of sandstone crack development. The failure mode of rock is related to the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The freeze-thaw cycles make the sandstone with natural damage gradually change from brittle failure to ductile failure,and the change of the overall strength of the rock is a gradual deterioration process. © 2022 Science Press (China).