茌平县城区地下水资源开发利用面临的问题及对策研究

通过研究茌平县城区地下水资源条件及开发利用现状,根据可持续发展的战略思想对其地下水开发利用中面临的问题进行分析,提出了相应的对策和措施,即"开源"与"节流"并举;完善水资源管理体制,实现水资源的优化配置;加强法制建设,科学管理地下水;搞好分层取水,开发利用微咸水;健全完善地下水监测网络,保证地下水资源的可持续开发利用.     

咸海危机的起因与解决途径

根据成海国际会议的论文以及近年苏联的资料,并结合笔者的实地考察,本文阐述了咸海危机的因由、后果与解决途径。     

化探土壤样品省去研磨流程的研究

根据生产实践，采用不同的实验研究方法，论证了主要成晕元素在天然介质的粗细颗粒土壤中的分布、浓度、赋存状态及异常特征等都是基本相同的。因此，野外采集的较细颗粒的土壤样品不需再进行研磨，可直接进行过筛分析，既不影响找矿效果，又节约了时间和费用。     

城市节水潜力估算与用水管理水平评定

本文在城市节水潜力和用水综合评定两个方面给出定量化模式,并给洛阳市为例,这些模式对一航城市具有普遍意义。     

住宿业节能减碳研究进展及启示

在全球致力于积极应对气候变化的时代背景下,旅游业已成为许多国家和地区实施经济低碳转型的优势产业、先导产业和窗口产业,而住宿业则在此中发挥着重要的作用。本文从必要性、障碍因素和对策措施3个方面梳理了住宿业节能减碳的相关研究成果,并对住宿业能耗和碳排放核算的方法进行了归纳总结,在此基础上探讨了已有研究存在的不足之处,并指出进一步研究的方向。综述发现：国外相关研究已有一定基础,但住宿业能耗与碳排放的核算方法体系还有待深入探讨;国内对于住宿业节能减碳的必要性、能耗与碳排放核算等也有一些尝试研究,但总体仍相对滞后,缺乏研究的系统性和深度。后续研究应在借鉴国际相关研究经验的基础上,紧扣中国住宿业实情,通过加强对非星级住宿企业的分析以全面把握研究对象,确立能耗和碳排放核算框架、完善核算方法体系,通过分阶段、分类型、分区域核算与分析进一步拓展住宿业节能减碳的研究内容。     

Water-saving potential in aeolian sand soil under straight tube and surface drip irrigation in Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China

Evaporation loss from the saturated soil beneath drip irrigation emitters highly influences the irrigation efficiency of drip irrigation (DI). Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is one good approach to curb this inefficiency, but in a new irrigation method, straight tube irrigation (STI), the irrigation tubes do not need to be buried and thus STI is recommended to increase the irrigation efficiency under normal surface-applied DI. STI consists of only connectors and water-transference tubes that can directly transfer irrigation water from the lateral emitters in the drip line to the root zone of plants. Five-month field experiments were carried out in Aeolian sand soil in the forest-belts of the Taklimakan Desert, which have poor water storage capacity, to compare the potential water saving between STI and DI. The preliminary results showed that, compared with DI, STI (1) improved the soil water content in soil depths from 40 to 100 cm under the soil surface; (2) achieved the same irrigation effects in relatively shorter irrigation durations; (3) had very little water loss due to deep seepage; and (4) formed a layer of dry sand about 10 to 30 cm thick immediately below the soil surface, which lessened evaporation loss of soil water beneath the emitters on the soil surface. This demonstrates that STI can maximize the water-saving potential of DI through the reduction of wetted soil perimeters on the soil surface. This is valuable information for water-saving engineering applications and projects with STI in arid and semiarid regions.     

城市可持续发展核算之真实储蓄模型的应用——以广州、深圳、珠海为例

首先比选了可持续发展的3种基本评价方法:基于自然-社会-经济复杂系统方法论的评价方法、基于货币化的评价方法和基于生物物理量的评价方法。然后,依据真实储蓄的基础理论,提出了适用于经济高速增长城市的改进模型。随后,以广州、深圳和珠海3个城市为案例,对改进模型进行应用。结果表明:3个城市均保持可持续发展,从强到弱依次为广州、深圳、珠海;可持续发展能力与经济增长、人力资本投资增加呈正向相关,但资源环境成本的加大成为可持续发展的制约因素。最后,指出该模型操作性强、利于进行横向和纵向对比的优点,以及指标计算仍存在误差、导致真实储蓄计算结果偏高的缺点。     

Study on Movement Evolution Law of Soil Water in Condition of Agronomic Water Saving Irrigation

Fresh water supplied are often limited in mainland China, reducing agricultural productivity. However the use of straw mulch is the main management technique for agronomic water saving. This paper investigates the movement of soil water under straw mulch compared to a non-mulch test plot. Results demonstrated that straw mulch effected soil water movement primarily during drought periods and throughout shallow soil (i.e. depths of less than 200 cm). The soil moisture and soil water potential at the mulch test plot in drought period are both higher than that of contrast test plot, and along with increasing soil depth, the straw mulch effect weakens. When evaporation is dominated by surface evaporation, straw mulch will effectively restrict the evaporation of soil water; when evaporation dominated by vegetation transpiration, the straw mulch promotes the transpiration of vegetation. In drought periods, straw mulch is not effective for deep soil water infiltration, but is advantageous for soil water utilization of mid- and shallow- soils (0-120 cm), however the infiltration speed rate of straw mulch point during high water period is higher than that of contrast plot. This paper highlights the importance of good management practices of agricultural land in order to limit soil water losses, which is essential when water is such a limited resource.     

节能减排与中国经济的低碳发展

 自1978年实行改革开放以来,中国走的是一条赶超型或压缩型的工业化道路。伴随着经济的高速增长,发达国家上百年工业化过程中分阶段出现的种种资源和环境问题在中国集中显现。面对资源短缺、环境污染和气候变化对经济增长的瓶颈性约束,国家在"十一五"规划纲要中提出了节能减排的具体目标。文章概述了"十一五"规划提出节能减排目标的背景,分析了其对控制温室气体排放的重要意义,总结了目前节能减排工作取得的成绩和存在的困难,提出了中国发展低碳经济的政策建议。