卫星在热带气旋快速增强观测中的应用进展

热带气旋(TC)快速增强(RI)对我国影响大且预报难度较大,在常规观测资料稀少的海洋上,卫星探测技术的发展,提供了更多的RI TC内部结构变化的有效信息,能够帮助人们进一步认识TC强度的变化规律.文中总结了静止轨道及极地轨道卫星上搭载的可见/红外扫描仪、微波成像仪、降水测量雷达、风场测量仪器、闪电成像仪和云雷达资料在TC RI中的应用以及存在的问题,指出发展小卫星星座及静止轨道微波探测,加强RI TC内部的降水、云微物理和风场等重要信息的时间演变分析,并结合数值模拟进一步研究TC RI的物理机制将是未来的发展方向.     

基于MLS的FLAC3D复杂三维地质建模

针对岩土力学分析软件FLAC3D建模效率较低的不足之处,在分析FLAC3D建模命令以及网格模型＊.FLAC3D文件格式特点的基础上,介绍了空间坐标变换、MLS插值的方法与意义,并提出了新的建模方法,开发了相应的计算机辅助建模程序.该程序直接读取原始数据点,无需借助第三方软件,通过坐标变换、MLS插值,可快速生成具有复杂边界的地质模型,且便于材料参数和应力边界条件参数的赋值,可有效地提高工作效率.     

一次降雹过程的数字化雷达回波分析

利用东营市７１３数字化雷达和卫星云图资料，分析了１９９５年６月２４日发生在黄河三角洲地区的暴雹天气过程，对冰雹云的雷达回波特征及卫星云图特征进行了分析。     

Simulationsof Aerosol Optical Properties to Top of Atmospheric Reflected Sunlight in the Near Infrared CO2 Weak Absorption Band

Over the Asian continent,high aerosol loading is critical to ensure the high accuracy of CO₂ retrieval in the near infrared absorption band.Simulations were performed to explore the effect of light path modification by aerosol son the atmospheric CO₂ near infrared band(6140-6270 cm^-1).The Vector LInearized Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer（VLIDORT） model and the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model（LBLRTM） were used for forward calculations.The U.S.standard atmosphere was used for atmospheric profiles.The results indicate that the aerosols caused similar effects to increases in CO₂ in the planetary boundary layer and became more significant with aerosol layer rising while aerosol optical depth was 0.1.This effect will cause an over estimation of the CO₂ mixing ratio in the retrieval process and an under estimation in the aerosol layer.The results also indicate that the effect of urban and industrial aerosols is smaller than that of non-absorbing and dust aerosols because of the nearly constant absorption properties in the near infrared band.     

Advances, Problems and Prospects of Modern Geodesy Applied in Tibetan Geodynamic Changes

Modern geodetic techniques have developed rapidly in recent years, providing reliable observation data and new effective approaches, and greatly enhancing studies of the Tibetan geodynamics. For instance, the well-known GPS technique has been employed to measure seismic slips for many faults in the Tibetan Plateau. GPS data agree well with the hypothesis of a thickening crust and eastward mass flow. Moreover, absolute gravimetric data have been applied to interpret geophysical phenomena such as crust movement, co-seismic gravity change, GIA, and ground water change. The satellite gravity mission GRACE launched in 2002 provided global gravity models with unprecedentedly high precision and high spatial resolution. It has been used in implementing temporal gravity changes and improving our knowledge of the Earth’s interior, including lithosphere dynamics, mantle viscosity and rheology, plateau uplift, and subduction processing. It is noteworthy that gravity presents unique advantages for the study of Tibetan geodynamics because of its sensitivity to mass migration and dynamic redistribution. To date, great advances have been made in applying modern geodetic data in studying dynamic changes of Tibetan plateau. For instance, the horizontal displacement field from GPS data revealed dynamical characteristics of the present-day Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity anomalies and topographic data describe the tectonic characteristics of Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity data and GPS data show present properties of the Tibetan plateau such as crust thickening, Moho’s subsidence, and plateau uplift. GRACE data were used to estimate the distribution of ice/snow melting.     

面向位置服务的室内外统一空间基准转换

随着智慧城市建设的不断推进,对位置服务的需求已经由室外拓展至室内空间,并对室内外一体化服务提出更高要求.由于室内空间范围相对较小且对几何信息表达精度要求较高,因此,通常采用独立的平面或三维直角坐标系作为空间基准,从而造成室内与室外以及不同建筑室内空间基准的差异,影响室内外空间信息的一体化表达与应用.为此,文中在系统分析...     

阜新市海州露天矿区开采对空气质量的影响

利用遥感技术可快速、准确、大范围地监测矿山开发状况和了解矿区生态环境现状。以Landsat TM和CBERS卫星影像为主要数据来源,采用栅格数据、遥感数据与统计数据相结合的内业处理与外业调查相结合的技术路线,通过目视解译、人机交互解译、计算机自动识别等遥感信息提取技术和遥感影像处理,分析近20 a阜新市海州露天矿矿区面积变化趋势及近5a来对当地空气质量的影响。结果表明:阜新市海州露天矿矿区面积逐年减小,当地空气质量逐年优化。由此可见,露天矿矿区面积的减小对于当地空气质量的改善起到了一定的推动作用。     

基于麻雀搜索算法优化的BP神经网络卫星钟差预报

使用麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm,SSA)对BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值进行优化和调整,以提高神经网络模型短期预报的精度和稳定性.采用IGS产品中的卫星钟差数据,对SSA-BP神经网络模型、PSO-BP神经网络模型、传统BP神经网络模型及传统二次多项式模型(QP模型)进行实验对比,结果...     

基于GRACE与降水的干旱研究分析

针对干旱问题,采用GRACE重力卫星数据进行反演监测,并对该技术在监测应用中的问题进行了研究.以陕西省与四川省为例,分析了陆地总水储量及降水对干旱的影响,采用基于两者相结合进行计算的干旱指数来检测干旱的发生,并与实际干旱情况及其他干旱指数进行对比,结果表明:该指数能够较好地检测出实际干旱事件且与其他干旱指数有较强的相关...     

卫星应用技术在地学研究中的发展现状

卫星应用技术与地学研究很早就存在密切的联系,从最初单一的遥感应用发展到包含遥感(RS)、地理信息技术(GIS)、全球定位系统(GPS)等多种技术在内的空间信息技术,卫星应用技术促进了地学理论研究和定性、定量的分析验证,加速了地球科学的发展.本文综述了近年来地学领域卫星应用技术的主要方向和现状.