动力排水固结法加固浦东机场促淤地基试验研究

基于浦东国际机场快件处理中心促淤场地的加固处理实践,介绍采用动力排水固结法处理促淤饱和软粘土地基的工艺对吹填粉细砂上试夯区的试验研究,结果表明采取低能量“少击多遍”的强夯施工工艺,并辅以竖向塑料排水板的方法来加固处理饱和促淤软粘土是可行的,促淤地基的力学性能和变形性能显著提高,并实现了用吹填粉细砂代替中粗砂作为强夯垫层,大大降低了工程成本。通过对大面积强夯施工处理效果的检测表明,动力排水固结法加固处理促淤地基效果明显。     

辐射沙洲南翼“水道-沙洲”系统与西太阳沙的稳定

通过对江苏岸外辐射沙洲动态和西太阳沙海域动力泥沙环境的分析,论述了西太阳沙演变的宏观背景;由实测固定断面资料、地形资料的对比得出近40年来西太阳沙表面形态和水下地形的变化;结合西太阳沙表面泥沙在波浪和波流共同作用下运动特性的水槽试验研究,分析了西太阳沙冲淤变化的动力机制。从“烂沙洋水道-西太阳沙-西太阳沙南水道”系统的角度研究了西太阳沙演变的控制因素和演变规律。     

高压气藏不动管柱分层压裂工艺研究与应用

川西低渗高压气藏具有多层系的特点,层间距离一般在十至百米左右。为了提高气井产量与开采经济效益,鉴于气井加砂压裂后压井会严重伤害储层,影响压裂效果,采用压裂管柱直接作为生产管柱,研究形成了以FCY211及Y241封隔器不同组合的两层不动管柱分层压裂工艺。同时,在成熟的两层分压工艺基础上,结合投球选压工艺,研究形成了以“工具分层＋投球选压”不动管柱三层分层的压裂工艺。现场应用实践表明,分层压裂极大地增加了单井的产能,取得了明显经济效益,对类似气藏的多层压裂与开采提供了有益参考。     

Controls on reservoir heterogeneity of tight sand oil reservoirs in Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong Area,southwest Ordos Basin,China: Implications for reservoir quality prediction and oil accumulation

Compared to conventional reservoirs, pore structure and diagenetic alterations of unconventional tight sand oil reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation is a major tight-oil-bearing formation in the Ordos Basin, providing an opportunity to study the factors that control reservoir heterogeneity and the heterogeneity of oil accumulation in tight oil sandstones.The Chang 8 tight oil sandstone in the study area is comprised of fine-to medium-grained, moderately to well-sorted lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite. The reservoir quality is extremely heterogeneous due to large heterogeneities in the depositional facies, pore structures and diagenetic alterations. Small throat size is believed to be responsible for the ultra-low permeability in tight oil reservoirs. Most reservoirs with good reservoir quality, larger pore-throat size, lower pore-throat radius ratio and well pore connectivity were deposited in high-energy environments, such as distributary channels and mouth bars. For a given depositional facies, reservoir quality varies with the bedding structures. Massive- or parallel-bedded sandstones are more favorable for the development of porosity and permeability sweet zones for oil charging and accumulation than cross-bedded sandstones.Authigenic chlorite rim cementation and dissolution of unstable detrital grains are two major diagenetic processes that preserve porosity and permeability sweet zones in oil-bearing intervals. Nevertheless, chlorite rims cannot effectively preserve porosity-permeability when the chlorite content is greater than a threshold value of 7%, and compaction played a minor role in porosity destruction in the situation. Intensive cementation of pore-lining chlorites significantly reduces reservoir permeability by obstructing the pore-throats and reducing their connectivity. Stratigraphically, sandstones within 1 m from adjacent sandstone-mudstone contacts are usually tightly cemented (carbonate cement > 10%) with low porosity and permeability (lower than 10% and 0.1 mD, respectively). The carbonate cement most likely originates from external sources, probably derived from the surrounding mudstone. Most late carbonate cements filled the previously dissolved intra-feldspar pores and the residual intergranular pores, and finally formed the tight reservoirs.The petrophysical properties significantly control the fluid flow capability and the oil charging/accumulation capability of the Chang 8 tight sandstones. Oil layers usually have oil saturation greater than 40%. A pore-throat radius of less than 0.4 μm is not effective for producible oil to flow, and the cut off of porosity and permeability for the net pay are 7% and 0.1 mD, respectively.     

粒度分析在塔克拉玛干沙漠研究中的应用

本文重点探讨了塔克拉玛干沙漠的风成沙粒度组成特征及其与物源的关系，同时对沙丘的下伏地层沙、现代河流沙及丘间地沙的粒度组成也进行了对比。通过对该沙漠第四纪沉积物的粒度分析，证实了风成沙的粒度分布以极细沙为主，不含粗沙，粉沙含量极小；粒度组合、分选主要受营力和源区物质制约，结果使粒度空间分布形成格局。总之，通过粒度分析得到一系列量化指征，可为研究风沙流运动，探讨沉积环境和改造沙漠、发展沙产业提供理论依据。     

基于MatDEM的砂土侧限压缩试验离散元模拟研究

离散元法基于非连续介质力学理论,尤其适用于砂土等离散介质体的数值模拟研究。利用岩土体离散元模拟软件MatDEM的二次开发功能,研发了砂土侧限压缩试验三维离散元模拟器。对三个不同级配砂土试样进行了侧限压缩试验,并且进行了与之相对应的数值模拟,通过分析对比试验结果与数值模拟结果验证了所开发模拟器的有效性。模拟结果表明:离散元法可以很好地反应砂土压缩过程中的配位数变化;每个模拟样品中,粒径较小的单元受到较大的平均压力,导致平均位移较大;数值计算结果的主要误差是由离散元颗粒自身的泊松比引起的。研究突破了常规土力学研究方法的局限性,为今后岩土工程离散元模拟研究提供了参考。      

孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组细分对比标志特征

基于沉积学和储层地质学理论,以孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组高弯曲流河沉积为例,充分利用密井网条件下的测井资料,研究储层细分对比中的标志类型、特征、分布及其应用。首先,介绍了馆1+2砂层组的测井响应、地震反射等宏观特征;接着,利用感应电导率曲线、自然电位曲线的响应特征寻找细分对比标志;然后,将选取的标志联合使用得到孤岛油田南区馆1+2砂层组的顶面构造图。结果表明:研究区缺少全区性标志,但存在局部性标志;局部性标志有泥岩类、砂岩类、"钙质尖"类、砂泥组合类等4类;泥岩类标志表现出高感应电导率特点,砂岩类标志表现为低电阻率,自然电位曲线呈"箱形"或小型的"钟形","钙质尖"类标志表现为高电阻、高微电阻、低声波时差,低自然电位值的尖锋,砂泥组合类标志表现为感应曲线特征的可对比性强;泥岩类和砂岩类标志分布面积较大,呈局部连片状;"钙质尖"类和砂泥组合类标志分布面积较小,呈条带状;上述4类标志在平面上的叠合分布完全覆盖研究区。总之,充分利用好局部性标志,同样能够很好地进行类似地区的储层细分对比。     

确定砂土动剪切模量和阻尼比的方法对比

确定土体动剪切模量的常用方法有规范法、Kumar法和自相关函数法,确定相应阻尼比的方法有规范法、Das and Luo法、Kokusho法、Kumar法和互相关函数法,为了分析不同方法所产生差异,实现定量化对比分析,笔者以福建标准砂（粒径为0.5~1.0 mm）为研究对象,采用不排水的应力控制动三轴试验,探讨不同的确定土体动剪切模量和阻尼比方法的差异性,并给出了不同土体条件建议选用的方法。结果表明：1）3种方法确定动剪切模量的结果有一定的差异,随剪应变的增大结果的差异逐渐增大,有效围压对结果的差异性有所影响,当剪应变为4×10^-3,有效围压为100 kPa时,3种方法差异显著,相对误差最大接近20%;2）而5种方法确定阻尼比的结果差异显著,随着剪应变的增大,5种方法确定的阻尼比相对误差大体上均在迅速减小,只有规范法在有效围压为100 kPa时,其相对误差有较小的增大趋势;5种方法中,Kumar法确定的阻尼比最接近平均阻尼比,互相关函数法远高于平均阻尼比,Das and Luo法和Kokusho法确定的阻尼比基本一致但低于平均阻尼比。建议以后的工程应用中,加载方式为应力控制时,可采用自相关函数法确定动剪切模量,采用Kumar法确定阻尼比,二者确定的动剪切模量和阻尼比均最接近平均值。     

黄金带油田非均质储层特征及有利目标预测

为了加深对黄金带复杂断块油田进一步开发,针对该区断层复杂、储层变化大、油水关系复杂等特征,笔者综合运用岩心、分析化验及录井、测井资料,对其沉积特征、储层岩性、物性和非均质性进行详细研究。以JASON软件为平台,对含油砂体进行了追踪和预测,并在有利区提出井位部署,为该区的进一步开发提供了地质依据。     

Short-term beach–dune sand budgets on the north sea coast of France: Sand supply from shoreface to dunes, and the role of wind and fetch

Three experimental plots, covering the transition from the upper beach to the dune, on the North Sea coast of France were monitored at various intervals over a period of 18–24 months via high resolution terrain surveys in order to determine inter-site sand budget variability, as well as patterns and processes involved in sand exchanges between the upper beach and dune. The wind regime consists of a fairly balanced mix of moderate (80% of winds are below 8 m/s) onshore, offshore and shore-parallel winds. Sustained dune accretion over several years depends on the periodic local onshore welding of shoreface tidal banks that have developed in the storm- and tide-dominated setting of the southern North Sea. The only site where this has occurred in the recent past is Calais, where bank welding has created a wide accreting upper beach sand flat. At this site, significant sand supply from the subtidal sand bank reservoir to the upper beach flat occurred only once over the 18-month survey following a major storm. The bulk of the sand deposited over this large flat is not directly integrated into the adjacent embryo dunes by onshore winds but is progressively reworked in situ into developing dunes or transported alongshore by the balanced wind regime, thus resulting in alongshore stretching of the embryo dune system. The Leffrinckoucke site near Belgium shows moderate beach–dune mobility and accretion, while the Wissant site exhibits significant upper beach bedform mobility controlled by strong longshore currents that result in large beach budget fluctuations with little net budget change, to the detriment of the adjacent dunes. Accretion at these two sites, which are representative of the rest of the North Sea coast of France, is presently constrained by the absence of a shore-attached sand bank supply reservoir, while upper beach–dune sand exchanges are further limited by the narrow wave-affected upper beach, the intertidal morphology of bars and troughs which segments the aeolian fetch, and the moderate wind energy conditions. The balanced wind regime limits net sand mobilisation in favour of either the beach or the dune, and may explain the relatively narrow longshore morphology of the dune ridges bounding this coast.