泰山PM10及其中化学成分变化特征

为研究华北平原区域背景气溶胶成分及其变化特征,2010年6月至2011年7月在泰山顶采集了64个PM10滤膜样品,分析了样品的PM10及其中无机盐离子和有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）的质量浓度,并对各成分相关性等进行了分析。泰山PM10年均质量浓度约为68.4 mg/m³,其中无机盐离子约占总质量的64.8%,碳气溶胶约占17.4%。无机盐离子的质量浓度从春季逐渐增大,夏季达到峰值,秋季下降,冬季最小;OC质量浓度从春季至秋季逐渐增高,冬季最低,EC变化类似,但夏秋两季差别不大。二次有机碳（SOC）与OC的比值四季均在50%以上,年均值约为58.5%。通过后向轨迹聚类分析发现,在经过城市的较短轨迹以及南方较短混合轨迹的影响下,泰山PM10质量浓度较高,而西北长距离传输气团PM10浓度均较低。     

不同吸湿性的气溶胶对云和降水影响研究进展

气溶胶、云、降水相互关系是现今大气科学的前沿领域。本文总体概括了气溶胶作为云凝结核和冰核,对云宏微观物理特性及降水的影响原理研究的主要成果。并根据气溶胶自身化学性质的吸湿性,从吸湿性气溶胶和非吸湿性气溶胶两方面,重点探讨了模拟研究中,硫酸盐、海盐、沙尘、黑碳气溶胶对于云和降水的影响,以及各类气溶胶与其它类型气溶胶相比,作用于云降水的不同方式。提出之前研究工作的不足,以期为今后该方向的研究提供一些思路。      

Treatment of Synthetic Olefin Plant Wastewater at Various Salt Concentrations in a Membrane Bioreactor

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of salt concentration on performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating an olefin plant wastewater. For this purpose, a lab‐scale submerged MBR with a flat‐sheet ultrafiltration membrane was used for treatment of synthetic wastewater according to oxidation and neutralization unit of olefin plant. The synthetic wastewater was adjusted to have 500 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD). Trials on different concentrations of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) (0–20 000 ppm) in the feed were conducted under aerobic conditions in the MBR. The results showed that increasing the salt concentrations causes an increase in the effluent COD, phenol, and oil concentrations. These results are due to reduction of the membrane filtration efficiency and also decline in the microbial activity that it is indicated by decreasing the sOUR in MBR. But in all the trials, the effluent COD and oil concentration was well within the local discharge limit of 100 and 10 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that the MBR system is highly efficient for treating the olefin plant wastewater, and although high salt concentrations decreased organic contaminant removal rates in the MBR, the effluent still met the discharge limits for treating the olefin plant wastewater.     

A hydrologic assessment of a saline‐spring fen in the Athabasca oil sands region,Alberta, Canada – a potential analogue for oil sands reclamation

Canada's post‐mined oil sands will have a higher concentration of salts compared with freshwater peatlands that dominate the landscape. While rare, naturally occurring saline wetlands do exist in Alberta's Boreal Plains and may function as analogues for reclamation, however, little is known about their hydrology. This paper investigates the geochemical and hydrologic characteristics of a natural saline‐spring peatland in Alberta's oil sands region. The fen is located within a saline groundwater discharge area connected to the erosional edge of the Grand Rapids Formation. Na⁺ (195–25,680 mgl^?1) and Cl^? (1785–56,249 mg l^?1) were the dominant salts, and the fen transitioned sharply to freshwater along its margins because in part of subsurface mineral ridges that restricted shallow groundwater exchange. Salinity decreased from hypersaline to brackish along the local groundwater flow path but no active spring outlets were observed over the two‐year study. Vertical groundwater discharge was minimal because of the very low permeability of the underlying sediments. Subsurface storage was exceeded during periods of high flow, resulting in flooding and surface runoff that was enhanced by the ephemerally connected pond network. These findings have implications for reclamation, as mechanisms such as subsurface mineral ridges may function as effective saline groundwater‐control structures in the post‐mined environment. Incorporating saline wetlands into regional monitoring networks will help to better quantify natural discharge, which has implications for belowground wastewater storage related to in situ bitumen extraction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

局域空间声速模型的建立方法研究

在多波束测深系统的数据处理中,声速剖面的代表性误差严重地影响着波束的声线跟踪精度,并造成比较大的深度计算误差。为了削弱该影响,利用实测声速剖面数据、温度与盐度剖面数据,采用两种方法分别建立了区域空间声速模型。实践验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。     

盐渍土冻结温度的试验研究

冻结温度是判别土体是否处于冻结状态的指标,在人工冻结和数值模拟计算中影响冻结壁的厚度和计算精度.通过采用不同土体添加不同的盐分,对不同含水量和含盐量土体进行盐渍土的冻结温度试验,考虑了不同因素对土体冻结温度的影响.实验表明：不论何种土含有何种离子,土体的冻结温度随含盐量的增加而降低,随含水量的增加而增大;土中易溶盐的含...     

三轴应力作用下岩盐溶解速率影响因素分析

利用自行研制的三轴岩盐溶解试验机,实现在三轴应力条件下岩盐试样溶解试验。进行三轴应力条件下溶液浓度、温度、流量以及偏应力4个因素相互耦合状态的岩盐溶解速率正交试验,研究各个因素对岩盐溶解速率的影响规律。对任意两个影响因素分别进行二元线性回归,根据其标准回归系数对岩盐溶解速率相对重要性比值构建判断矩阵,运用层次分析法计算各个影响因素的权值。研究结果表明,岩盐溶解速率随着浓度增大迅速降低,随着温度升高而增大,随着流量增大缓慢增加,但变化并不明显;随着偏应力增大先减小,后缓慢增大。极差分析和权值计算结果表明,岩盐溶解速率影响因素主次关系依次为浓度、温度、流量和偏应力。4个因素对岩盐溶解速率影响权值大小依次为0.570、0.384、0.048、0.005,其中浓度和温度两个影响因素权重占到95%。     

金坛盐井套管锻铣关键技术研究与应用

将盐溶腔改造成储气库,改造老井时,锻铣施工返屑率低、携返时间长、环空憋堵严重、单副刀具进尺少,总体效率低,对锻铣效率影响较大的是钻压、转盘转速、铣进速度、泵排量、钻井液性能等,这些参数相互影响,需要系统协调配合。通过对关键参数的计算和研究,提出了提高锻铣效率的优化措施,经金坛茅井现场验证,能明显增加单副铣刀的施工长度,提高总体施工效率。     

盐构造与深水水道的交互作用--以下刚果盆地为例

在被动大陆边缘盆地,水道作为深水油气的主要储集体,是深水油气勘探的重要目标。在下刚果盆地,由于盐构造的多期活动导致对水道砂体的展布规律认识不清。研究水道和盐构造的交互作用方式有利于预测含盐盆地中水道砂体的平面分布。利用三维地震资料,在盐构造与深水水道广泛发育的下刚果盆地研究盐构造与深水水道的交互作用,建立了盐构造与水道的交互作用模式。盐构造与水道的交互作用方式主要有6种,分别为限制、改向、封堵、侵蚀、迁移和剥蚀。盐构造的活动时期与水道形成演化时期的先后关系、水道中重力流的侵蚀能力决定了盐构造与水道的交互作用方式。水道经过早期发育的盐构造且水道中重力流侵蚀能力较弱多发生限制和改向;若水道中重力流侵蚀能力很强,可发生水道对盐构造的侵蚀;若盐构造的规模较大,其可阻止水道向下游输送沉积物并造成水道中重力流的回流,形成朵体沉积。若水道与盐构造同时活动多发生水道的迁移。晚期活动的盐构造可导致其上方的水道沉积体遭受剥蚀。     

青海察尔汗盐湖区氯（亚氯）盐渍土的工程性质分析

在现场勘察资料的基础上，结合以往的研究资料，分析了青海察尔汗盐湖区氯（亚氯）盐渍土腐蚀性等特点，提出了相关的地基处理方法及建筑物兴建时需注意的问题。