基于案例推理的元胞自动机及大区域城市演变模拟

元胞自动机(CA) 被越来越多地用于复杂系统的模拟中。许多地理现象的演变与其影响要素之间存在着复杂的关系, 并往往具有时空动态性。在研究区域较大和模拟时间较长时, 定义具体的规则来反映这种复杂关系有较大的困难。为了解决CA 转换规则获取的瓶颈问题, 提出了基于案例推理(CBR) 的CA 模型, 并对CBR 的k 近邻算法进行了改进, 使其能反映转换规则的时空动态性。将该模型应用于大区域的珠江三角洲城市演变中。实验结果显示, 其模拟的空间格局与实际情况吻合较好。与常规的基于Logistic 的CA 模型进行了对比, 所获得的模拟结果有更高的精度和更接近实际的空间格局, 特别在模拟较为复杂的区域时有更好的模拟效果。     

Methods for ultimate limit state assessment of ships and ship-shaped offshore structures: Part III hull girders

The present paper is Part III of a series of three papers on the methods useful for ultimate limit state assessment of ships and ship-shaped offshore structures. It is focused on the methods for the progressive collapse analysis of hull girders under bending moments, in contrast to the previous two papers (Parts I and II), respectively, dealing with methods for the ultimate limit state assessment of unstiffened plates and stiffened panels. An AFRAMAX-class hypothetical double hull oil tanker structure designed by IACS common structural rules (CSR) method is studied as an illustrative example. The ultimate vertical bending moment capacity of the hull structure is then analyzed by ANSYS FEA, ALPS/HULL, and IACS CSR methods, and their resulting computations are compared.     

Juvenile bottlenecks and salinity shape grey mullet assemblages in Mediterranean estuaries

Previous research has suggested that competitive bottlenecks may exist for the Mediterranean grey mullets (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) at the fry stage with the exotic Cyprinus carpio (Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae) playing a central role. As a consequence, the structure of grey mullet assemblages at later stages is thought to reflect previous competition as well as differences in osmoregulatory skills. This paper tests that hypothesis by examining four predictions about the relative abundance of five grey mullet species in 42 Western Mediterranean estuary sites from three areas (Aiguamolls de l'Empordà, Ebro Delta and Minorca) differing in the salinity level and occurrence of C. carpio. Field data confirmed the predictions as: (1) Liza aurata and Mugil cephalus were scarce everywhere and never dominated the assemblage; (2) Liza saliens dominated the assemblage where the salinity level was higher than 13; (3) Liza ramado always dominated the assemblage where the salinity level was lower than 13 and C. carpio was present; and (4) Chelon labrosus dominated the assemblage only where the salinity level was lower than 13 and C. carpio was absent. The catch per unit effort of C. labrosus of any size was smaller in the presence of C. carpio than where it had not been introduced, which is in agreement with the juvenile competitive bottleneck hypothesis. Discriminant analysis confirmed that the assemblage structure was linked to the salinity level and the occurrence of C. carpio for both early juveniles and late juveniles as well as adults. The data reported here reveal that the structure of grey mullet assemblages inhabiting Mediterranean estuaries is determined by salinity and competitive interactions at the fry stage.     

A theoretical analysis of interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment

Objectively, a complex interactive coercing relationship exists between urbanization and eco-environment, and the research of this relationship is primarily divided into three schools, i.e., interactive coercion theory, interactive promotion theory and coupling symbiosis theory. Harmonizing the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is not only an important proposition for the national development plan but also the only way to promote healthy urbanization. Based on an analysis of urbanization process and its relationship with the eco-environment, this article analyzes interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment from three perspectives of population urbanization, economic urbanization and spatial urbanization, respectively, and analyzes risk effects of the interactive coercion. Further, it shows six basic laws followed by interactive coercion between urbanization and eco-environment, namely, coupling fission law, dynamic hierarchy law, stochastic fluctuation law, non-linear synergetic law, threshold value law and forewarning law, and divides the interactive coercing process into five stages, namely, low-level coordinate, antagonistic, break-in, ameliorative and high-grade coordinate. Based on the geometric derivation, the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is judged to be non-linear and it can be explained by a double-exponential function formed by the combination of power and exponential functions. Then, the evolutionary types of the interactive coercing relationship are divided into nine ones: rudimentary coordinating, ecology-dominated, synchronal coordinating, urbanization lagging, stepwise break-in, exorbitant urbanization, fragile ecology, rudimentary break-in and unsustainable types. Finally, based on an interactive coercion model, the degree of interactive coercion can be examined, and then, an evolutionary cycle can be divided into four phases, namely rudimentary symbiosis, harmonious development, utmost increasing and spiral type rising. The study results offer a scientific decision-making of healthy urbanization for achieving the goal of eco-environment protection and promoting urbanization.     

大尹格庄金矿床矿体三维建模与矿化分布规律

文章根据勘探线地质剖面图钻孔样品化验数据和中段地质平面图坑道样品化验数据,利用Vulcan软件对大尹格庄金矿床矿体建立了两种三维实体模型,并将这两种模型结合起来,利用Datamine软件得到综合后的块体模型;运用地质统计学方法及Surpac软件,分析了①、②号两个矿（脉）体群的Au品位空间变化结构,并求得了搜索椭球体,实现了矿体和Au品位变化形态的空间分布展示;结合三维建模成果与矿体空间变化结构,分析得出了矿化分布规律.②号矿（脉）体群沿NE向继续展布的区域,是寻找深部隐伏矿体的有利部位.     

陕西黄龙铺—河南栾川地区钼矿床地质特征及控矿因素

本文对陕西省黄龙铺—河南省栾川钼矿带区域成矿背景作了简述。在矿带内分出了金堆城—黄龙铺、夜长坪—银家沟、南泥湖—栾川三个钼矿集中区。将钼矿分为两个成矿系列（碱基性碳酸岩岩浆成矿系列,中酸性岩浆—热液成矿系列）,三种成因类型（碳酸岩脉型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型或斑岩—矽卡岩型）,四个成矿期次（海西—印支期碳酸岩脉型钼成矿期,燕山早期第一阶段矽卡岩型钼成矿期,燕山早期第二阶段—燕山晚期斑岩型钼成矿期,燕山晚期岩浆期后热液脉型成矿期）。以典型矿床（点）为例,配以大量的图、表,对不同类型的矿床特征作了介绍。总结了6条成矿规律,6条找矿标志,指出了10个找矿有利区。认为华北地台南缘地壳深部存在一个以钼为主的成矿元素“流体库”及岩浆源,成矿物质来源于地壳深部及上地幔。     

川东北飞仙关组鲕滩气藏压力与成藏特征研究

川东北飞仙关组鲕滩气藏原始地层压力在平面上分布极不均匀,高异常压力区呈局部块状分布.压力分布、气藏特征、成藏演化历史综合研究发现,不同压力状态反映不同气藏类型:正常压力系统(压力系数在1.25以下),多处于台地边缘礁滩相,储层岩性以云岩为主,储集类型多为孔隙型,气藏一般甲烷含量低、储层舍大量沥青、气藏连通范围大,具边底水等特征,主要为构造或岩性-构造型气藏;异常高压或超高压系统(压力系数多达1.65以上),多处于海槽区或台内云岩欠发育区,储层岩性以灰岩为主,甲烷含量高、储层不含或含极少量的沥青,不含或有限边底水等特征,主要为裂缝型岩性气藏;而处于台地内部,介于以上两种压力状态之间的过渡类型气藏,多出现轻微高压,压力系数多在1.20～1.45,孔隙-裂缝或裂缝-孔隙型储层交替出现,气藏连通范围有限,气水特征较复杂,主要为岩性型或构造-岩性气藏特征.同时鲕滩气藏压力系数与气藏储集系数明显成反向关系,地层压力大小体现了天然气储集系统空间大小,天然气富集于正常压力系统.地层压力威因及形成过程实际上反映了优质储层发育历史、天然气的充注历史、礁滩气藏成藏历史的配置关系和相互作用过程,详细研究它们的配置关系和作用过程对正确认识飞仙关组礁滩气藏的形成和分布规律有重要的理论和现实意义.     

广东红岭石英脉型钨矿床地质特征及富集规律

通过对红岭石英脉型钨矿床地质特征的研究,探讨了该钨矿床的矿化富集规律。认为,钨的成矿作用严格受区域SN向构造控制,构成一个地层、构造、岩浆、矿田“四位一体”的SN向成矿带,石英脉型钨矿床具较明显的“五层楼”式形态分带规律。     

硒、钼、钒污染环境的生态地球化学修复物种筛选与展望

在对以往硒、钼、钒富集植物及其生态环境地球化学研究成果综述基础上,提出了植物生态地球化学富集类型和金属矿化植物划分的新方案,探讨了硒、钼、钒在植物中传输规律,初步筛选出硒、钼、钒污染环境的生态地球化学修复物种,提出了固体矿山污染环境的生态地球化学修复治理的研究和发展方向的建议,以期促进该研究方向的深入发展。