路径选择中环路倾向性影响因子分析——以北京三环路为例

通过认知实验,探讨出行者倾向于选择环路的影响因子。以北京市三环路为主要研究对象,按照12方向城市坐标框架和三环路路段的现实名称划分特点提出九宫格模式。以两点和封闭曲线的拓扑关系为标准,从道路起点、终点和九宫格的拓扑关系中选出18种典型情况进行分析。测试及统计分析实验结果显示,路径起点和终点、冗余路段比重、路径方向影响出行者对环路的选择。     

Low‐grade metamorphism of mafic lavas,Upper Permian Broughton Formation,Sydney Basin

Coexisting primary minerals and hydrous alteration minerals in basalt lavas of the Upper Permian Broughton Formation of the Sydney Basin are indicative of the involvement of a hydrothermal fluid phase during low‐grade metamorphism. Variation and zonation of alteration phases in vesicles and vugs indicate that the alteration minerals developed in response to several episodes of precipitation, with early CO₂‐rich fluids producing assemblages rich in calcite and chlorite‐smectite while later CO₂‐poor fluids precipitated Ca‐zeolites, prehnite and pumpellyite. Vesicular parts of flows typically show much higher contents of alteration minerals than more massive parts of the same flow, but no systematic increase in either the style or intensity of alteration with increasing depth in the lava pile is evident. The presence of Ca‐zeolites, prehnite, pumpellyite and rare epidote suggests uppermost zeolite facies to lowermost prehnite‐pumpellyite facies metamorphism. Stability relationships of the metamorphic phases based on experimental and theoretical studies, used in conjunction with measured parameters for modern geothermal systems, indicate a peak metamorphic temperature of ～200–230°C while the extant stratigraphy indicates that the maximum depth of burial was ～ 1200 m. Alteration developed in response to circulation of hot, aqueous fluids generated by thermal convection cells associated with the Permian lavas and/or a large buried intrusion.     

Assessment of acceleration modelling for fluid‐filled porous media subjected to dynamic loading

The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of different possible simplifying approximations when performing numerical simulations of fluid‐filled porous media subjected to dynamic loading. In particular, the relative importance of the various acceleration terms for both the solid and the fluid, especially the convective contribution, is assessed. The porous medium is modelled as a binary mixture of a solid phase, in the sense of a porous skeleton, and a fluid phase that represents both liquid and air in the pores. The solid particles are assumed to be intrinsically incompressible, whereas the fluid is assigned a finite intrinsic compressibility. Finite element (FE) simulations are carried out while assuming material properties and loading conditions representative for a road structure. The results show that, for the range of the material data used in the simulations, omitting the relative acceleration gives differences in the solution of the seepage velocity field, whereas omitting only the convective term does not lead to significant differences. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

提高GIS中居民地要素层可视化效果的研究

GIS矢量数据中的居民地要素层可视化一直是GIS用户重点关心的问题.文中从居民地快速自动取舍、多级动态符号管理、注记显示完整性等方面对居民地可视化进行了研究,提出了"扩展虚拟浮动圆法"用于集群状居民地的自动取舍、"多级动态符号管理机制"代替传统的静态地图符号以及"标注与地理对象相结合法"用于解决注记的完整性显示,三者相结合在实践中予以综合使用,较好地解决了多幅图背景下的任意比例尺居民地要素层快速、美观、高质量的显示问题.     

Evidence for the formation of different‐sized nodules by different accretionary processes

Abstract

Studies on different‐sized polymetallic nodules from the Central Indian Ocean Basin reveal that chemical composition is largely related to the nodule diameter which show systematic decrease in Mn, Cu, and Ni content with increase in nodule size. S and I type nodules are more abundant than B, L, and V types. Nodules grouped according to their size have common morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics and all six groups have distinguishing properties. There is evidence which suggests that the smaller (M and I) nodules are diagenetic and the larger (S, B, L, and V) are hydrogenetic, exhibiting variations in todorokite abundance and in chemical composition. There is also substantial evidence that the nodules of high economic value (Cu + Ni + Co%) can be sorted out on the basis of simple morphological parameters.     

甘肃马泉金矿金品位分布特征

通过对马泉金矿床主体（三、四号矿带）及外围矿带矿石品位分布资料的研究后认为：四号矿带金品位高于三号矿带,夹石含量少予三号矿带,易选矿石多于三号矿带,因而矿石质量优于三号矿带;外围矿带品位低于矿床主体品位．以低品位矿石为主。通过对矿石品位分布直方图（数学模型）的偏度系数和峰度系数概率（〉95％）假设检验后认为：矿床主体品位分布概率曲线基本符合对数正态分布规律。通过对矿床平均品位算术平均值和变异系数的研究后认为：矿床属品位均匀型矿床,建议矿床的氧化矿石边界品位为0．5×10^-6原生矿石边界品位为1．0×10^-6;特高品位下界为29．0×1^-6。     

高密度电法在某公路通道涵沉降调查中的应用效果

在分析工程地质特征的基础上,采用高密度电法对黄土覆盖区某高速公路涵洞沉降进行了调查,在分析电阻率断面图的基础上进行解释,查明了公路沉降原因,在工程验证的基础上提出了治理措施,取得了良好的效果。     

大跨度公路隧道围岩变形的时间序列分析

通过建立一套比较完整的大跨度隧道监测数据时间序列分析方法, 对现场隧道部分断面量测数据进行了时间序列分析, 预测了隧道变形的整体动态规律及隧道系统的长期稳定性, 并提出相关设想和建议。     

高等级公路级配碎石柔性基层应用研究

通过室内试验,铺筑试验路,提出了2种级配碎石柔性基层路面结构和1种级配碎石级配,研究了级配碎石基层的施工,可供级配碎石柔性基层设计及施工参考。     

虚拟地形环境中道路与地形模型融合算法研究及精度评价

以大比例尺地图构建的虚拟地形环境,由于观察视点的接近以及应用中对各种查询和分析的需要,所以要求构建的环境既能准确地表现地形特征又能使地物与地形精确融合,准确地查询出地物的属性,以满足目视及精确定位的要求.然而,实际应用中往往忽视地形与地物的密切关系,从而导致在目视比例尺条件下出现地物飘在空中或钻入地下等失真现象.为此,本文以道路为例提出了道路模型与地形模型的融合算法,同时对融合后道路与地形模型的精度进行了评估,为构建逼真的地理环境提供了基础.也为河流、岛屿、湖泊等地物与地形模型的融合提供参考.