海南岛沿岸海域砗磲资源调查及保护前景展望

砗磲是珊瑚礁海域的重要贝类之一,对维护珊瑚礁生态系统平衡起着重要作用。然而,近年来海洋的大力开发和利用给我国沿海砗磲资源造成严重威胁。本研究通过截线样带法对海南岛沿岸海域砗磲的种类和分布进行实地调查,结果表明,海南岛沿岸海域砗磲覆盖度呈现南北差异,东南沿岸海域砗磲覆盖度明显高于西北沿岸海域,这种差异可能是由自然因素和人为因素共同造成。调查海域共发现3种砗磲:诺亚砗磲(Tridacna noae)最多,占砗磲样品总数的58.6%;其次是番红砗磲(T. crocea),占34.3%;鳞砗磲(T. squamosa)最少,仅占7.1%。海洋管理部门应该加强对砗磲多样性的保护力度,合理开发和可持续利用并重,从而有效保护砗磲、珊瑚礁乃至海洋生态系统。     

Yanama budyari gumada: reframing the urban to care as Darug Country in western Sydney

ABSTRACT

In non-urban places of Australia, caring-as-Country frames natural resource management (NRM) as a practice of reciprocal, more-than-human care-giving (S. Suchet-Pearson, S. Wright, K. Lloyd, and L. Burarrwanga. 2013. ‘Caring as Country: towards and ontology of co-becoming in natural resource management.’ Asia Pacific Viewpoint 54 (2): 185–197). Caring-as-Country is an idea that encapsulates the entangled, reciprocal relationships that people have with, and as part of, agentic more-than-human worlds. In more urbanised places, however, practices of caring-as-Country are often unrecognised, undervalued and undocumented. In this paper we make explicit practices of caring, healing and rejuvenation at Yellomundee Regional Park, Darug Country in western Sydney. Our discussion of care, entanglement and reciprocity at Yellomundee focuses on two specific activities that embody caring-as-Country: the return of cultural burns and sustained presence on Country in the form of Darug-led culture camps. The Darug principle of yanama budyari gumada, to ‘walk with good spirit’, embodies and invites new ways of thinking and practising intercultural caring-as-Country in heavily colonised, urban places like Yellomundee. As we document the practices arising from this invitation, we consider its far-reaching implications for NRM and planning, and we expand on the importance of geographies of care for unceded urban places.     

Fluid Institutions: Commons in Transition in the Periurban Interface

Amidst growing concern about the decline of the commons, this case underscores the importance of understanding how the commons are refashioned and remade to address emerging challenges in periurban spaces. This article describes how institutions surrounding the use of common property resources get transformed and evolve in periurban contexts. What were once johads – common property village ponds – undergo a change in their usage from storing rainwater to storing waste water of the city for irrigation. This emerges as a collective response to the uncertainty attached to the availability of waste water. New institutions evolve with regard to contributions to waste water infrastructure, as well as the appropriation of waste water. Further research should document the changing use of village commons and the emergence of new institutions governing them.     

区域资源环境承载力评价信息平台设计与实现

结合资源环境承载力综合评价技术与方法,设计开发了资源环境承载力评价信息平台。本平台主要实现了资源环境承载力基础数据管理、导入和导出、资源环境承载力评价8大类指标的计算及等级评价、评价结果展示等功能,最终实现资源与环境的科学管理和合理应用,为我国区域协调、生态安全、资源保证能力、重大设施建设、国土开发利用、国土资源规划提供信息服务。同时,也为资源环境承载力综合评价的研究工作提供技术支撑。     

黑龙江省耕地及后备资源利用战略研究

我国耕地面积不断减少,耕地保护及粮食安全形势日趋严峻,如何开展耕地及后备资源利用保护成为战略重点。本文以黑龙江省为研究区,以2014年土地利用变更调查数据为主要数据源,结合国家经济社会发展态势、地理区位特征,对耕地及后备资源现状、利用特点进行分析,并对开发利用战略目标、主要指标、布局、战略重点及保障措施进行研究,以全面落实战略需求,对实现国家耕地保护及粮食安全保障具有重要的战略意义。     

Production key figures for planning the mining of manganese nodules

Under the impression of decreasing ore grades and increasing production costs in conventional mining, seafloor minerals came into focus. Having gained a basic understanding of geological settings, there is still a lack of tools to assess and plan future mining projects in the deep-sea. This paper contributes to a mining concept which is inspired by the high-tech farming industry: strip mining. Potential mining fields are identified using image filters in conjunction with hydroacoustic backscatter data and slope angles and are portioned into long, narrow strips. In the framework of the EU-funded Blue Mining project, these methods were applied to a part of the eastern German exploration area, located in the manganese nodule belt of the Clarion Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. Both, the mapping technique and the mining concept presented in this paper can be used in early-stage feasibility studies to derive estimates on production key figures for seafloor manganese nodule mining.     

丝绸之路经济带西段五省区旅游资源群开发潜力评价

陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏和新疆五省区构成了丝绸之路经济带西段区域,科学地评价该区域旅游资源,有利于合理开发旅游资源、挖掘旅游发展潜力,促进丝绸之路经济带西段的发展。本文以丝绸之路经济带西段即中国西北五省区为研究对象,构建旅游资源开发潜力综合评价指标体系,利用多层次灰色评价法对旅游资源群的开发潜力进行评价。研究结果表明:丝绸之路经济带西段五省区拥有丰富的旅游资源,同时高品位的旅游资源与丝路文化紧密相关,空间分布与丝绸之路经济带大体一致。在空间上,三类旅游资源群呈现与丝绸之路经济带走向的一致性,体现出各具特色的空间集聚优势,即自然风景旅游资源群主要以兰州和西宁为中心,呈现椭圆状分布;遗址遗迹旅游资源群主要以西安为中心,呈现放射状分布;综合风景旅游资源主要以乌鲁木齐为中心,呈现带状分布。旅游资源的数量、类型、级别和开发程度呈现"整体分散"与"局部集中"并存的特点,但许多高品位的旅游资源还处于原生态,尚未进行规模化开发,以此为丝绸之路沿线旅游资源利用及区域旅游合作提供理论依据。     

山东省主要页岩气储层特征与资源潜力

山东省富有机质泥页岩发育层系多、类型多、分布范围广,为探寻页岩气有利储集层系和分布范围,以富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,通过分析富有机质泥页岩岩性特征,有机碳含量、生烃潜量、氯仿沥青“A”、干酪根类型、镜质组反射率等有机地化特征,孔隙度、渗透率、矿物成分、岩石密度等岩石物性特征,含气性特征等,对山东省页岩气赋存层位、生成的物质基础、热演化程度、储层特征等形成了系统认识。认为：古生界石炭系—二叠系山西组—太原组、新生界古近系孔店组和沙河街组富有机质泥页岩发育厚度大、分布面积广、有机质丰度高,热演化程度适中、岩石脆性矿物含量高,为页岩气有利储层;利用页岩气储层分布面积、泥页岩厚度、有机碳含量、镜质组反射率、含气性等相关评价参数,计算了山东全省页岩气资源潜力为1417797×108m3,优选了9个页岩气有利区,其中鲁西南有利区、阳谷 茌平有利区、黄河北有利区、贾镇潜凹陷有利区属海陆交互相泥页岩储层,泥页岩层系分布于石炭系—二叠系山西组—太原组;潍北凹陷有利区、东营凹陷有利区、沾化凹陷有利区、车镇 沾化凹陷有利区、临邑有利区属湖相泥页岩储层,泥页岩层系分别分布于古近系孔店组和沙河街组,为今后页岩气勘查工作提供了依据。     

基于工程开发原则的干热岩目标区分类与优选

干热岩(HDR)是指不含或仅含少量流体,温度高于180 ℃,其热能在当前技术经济条件下可以利用的岩体。作为一种重要的非常规地热资源,干热岩的开发利用可以借鉴页岩油气的成功经验,采用相似的技术发展路径,找到“地热甜点”,开发出低成本且高效的钻完井技术,逐步形成和完善技术体系,建立与对象相适应的生产运行模式,以期实现对这种巨大资源的有效开发利用。增强型地热系统(EGS)被认为是干热岩资源开采的一种重要方式。EGS最初被称为工程型地热系统,后来才统称为增强型地热系统,是指通过实施特殊的工程工艺,改善地层储集性能或(和)向地层中注入流体,以实现对地热资源的有效开发。其基本方法原理为在干热岩体内钻两口或多口井,将低温流体通过注入井注入干热岩体的天然裂缝系统,或注入通过压裂技术在钻井之间建立的具有水力联系的人工裂缝中加热,通过吸收干热岩内所蕴含的热能,将流体温度提高到一定程度后从生产井采出至地表或近地表进行利用,形成人工热交换系统,用于发电或取暖等。采用EGS技术开发干热岩地热资源,选区选址恰当与否是能否取得成功的最关键环节之一。中深层地热资源可分为水热型和干热岩型两大类、五亚类。其中,干热岩根据其热储孔渗条件差异又可分为无水优储、无水差储和无水无储三亚类,适合作为EGS开发对象的干热岩资源为其中的无水优储和无水差储两种类型。五类地热资源规模呈金字塔形,开发技术难度逐渐增加。基于由热储埋深、热储温度、热储岩性、热储物性、盖层厚度、盖层断裂发育条件等组成的地质资源条件,由钻探成井技术、储层改造技术、管理运营技术组成的工程技术条件,以及由地热需求和资源经济性组成的经济市场条件三个因素,本文建立了三因素分析与多层次指标分解法相结合的干热岩EGS选区评价方法和关键指标,在国内干热岩资源条件较好的17个候选区中,优选出西藏羊八井高温地热区和渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷潜山分布带作为EGS试验有利区。     

Using TOUGH2 numerical simulation to analyse the geothermal formation in Guide basin,China

The Guide sedimentary basin is located in the northeastern part of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,which is rich in geothermal resources. However,exploitation of the geothermal resources has so far been limited,because of limited understanding of the resources quantity and storage gained from scientific researches. In this study,using a typical cross section across the basin and taking into account its geothermal and geological conditions,a new water-heat coupled model was built and associated modelling was done by the software TOUGH2. During modelling process,the accuracy and applicability of the model was confirmed through the calibration of relevant parameters for modelling the heat and water transport and the formation of geothermal reservoir across the basin,with particular focus on the Neogene geothermal field. Results show that the groundwater that flows from the basin margins to the center is heated by the Neogene and Paleogene sedimentary rocks with high geothermal gradients. Since the east-west extending fault F1 is conductive,it acts as preferential flow paths which on one hand provide additional and rapid flows to the thermal reservoir; and on the other hand,cool down the thermal water to a certain extent due to the infiltration of shallower water sources in the vicinity of the fault. Furthermore,the estimated geothermal resources quantity is close to that of previous studies. In comparison with the Paleogene rock formations,the Neogene geothermal reservoir shows a better nature in terms of water content,aquifer permeability and resources exploitability,although the resource quantity of the Paleogene reservoir is considerable.