太原基准地震台地电阻率干扰形态特征分析

分析太原基准地震台2001年至2011年地电阻率观测中常见干扰因素,着重分析因不同干扰引起的图像变化特征,并就存在的问题提出合理化改进建议,力求对观测场地的选择、线路架设、资料分析、异常的判断及地震预测预报具有一定指导意义。     

多极距地电阻率观测系统的分布式电极控制器研制

详述数字电极的系统构成、电路结构、通信协议和其他关键技术。该系统的通信网络结构基于RS-485现场总线,通过环境测试和台站试验,发现数字电极技术适用于多极距电阻率系统。     

Multi‐method virtual electromagnetic experiments for developing suitable monitoring designs: A fictitious CO2 sequestration scenario in Northern Germany

We present a numerical study for 3D time‐lapse electromagnetic monitoring of a fictitious CO₂ sequestration using the geometry of a real geological site and a suite of suitable electromagnetic methods with different source/receiver configurations and different sensitivity patterns. All available geological information is processed and directly implemented into the computational domain, which is discretized by unstructured tetrahedral grids. We thus demonstrate the performance capability of our numerical simulation techniques. The scenario considers a CO₂ injection in approximately 1100 m depth. The expected changes in conductivity were inferred from preceding laboratory measurements. A resistive anomaly is caused within the conductive brines of the undisturbed reservoir horizon. The resistive nature of the anomaly is enhanced by the CO₂ dissolution regime, which prevails in the high‐salinity environment. Due to the physicochemical properties of CO₂, the affected portion of the subsurface is laterally widespread but very thin. We combine controlled‐source electromagnetics, borehole transient electromagnetics, and the direct‐current resistivity method to perform a virtual experiment with the aim of scrutinizing a set of source/receiver configurations with respect to coverage, resolution, and detectability of the anomalous CO₂ plume prior to the field survey. Our simulation studies are carried out using the 3D codes developed in our working group. They are all based on linear and higher order Lagrange and Nédélec finite‐element formulations on unstructured grids, providing the necessary flexibility with respect to the complex real‐world geometry. We provide different strategies for addressing the accuracy of numerical simulations in the case of arbitrary structures. The presented computations demonstrate the expected great advantage of positioning transmitters or receivers close to the target. For direct‐current geoelectrics, 50% change in electric potential may be detected even at the Earth's surface. Monitoring with inductive methods is also promising. For a well‐positioned surface transmitter, more than 10% difference in the vertical electric field is predicted for a receiver located 200 m above the target. Our borehole transient electromagnetics results demonstrate that traditional transient electromagnetics with a vertical magnetic dipole source is not well suited for monitoring a thin horizontal resistive target. This is due to the mainly horizontal current system, which is induced by a vertical magnetic dipole.     

three-dimensional sensitivity coefficients of apparent resistivity and preliminary application

We calculate three-dimensional sensitivity coefficients distribution of apparent resistivity observation when Schlumberger array is used by using finite element method. Analysis results suggest that for the situation of one-dimensional positive or minus coefficient of surface medium, three-dimensional sensitivity coefficients distribution at surface shows similar patterns, and sensitivity coefficients distributions of different layered electric structures are also similar. There are two approximate ellipses at the two-dimensional surface plane between current electrodes and potential electrodes, where sensitivity coefficients are minus, and sensitivity coefficients at other areas are positive. Sensitivity coefficients at two approximate ellipses between current electrodes and potential electrodes are minus at the vertical section along monitoring line, while others are positive. From the three-dimensional view, minus sensitivity coefficients are at the two approximate half ellipsoids between current electrodes and potential electrodes when arrays are applied at surface. And coefficients near the electrodes are much greater than other areas. When resistivity of local areas at surface changes, we can qualitatively analyze the disturbing effects caused by the areas using three dimensional sensitivity coefficients distribution, and the analysis result can serve as reference for further experiment and numerical model quantitative analysis.     

Groundwater potential zones using a combination of geospatial technology and geophysical approach: case study in Dehradun,India

ABSTRACT

A combination of geospatial, geophysical and statistical models using satellite data, the weighted index overlay (WIO) method and two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) is applied to generate the highest potential groundwater area and to further explore the groundwater in Dehradun, India. The results show that of 19.7 km² total basin area, 0.26% falls under the “poor” category as a prospect zone for groundwater, 4.3% is “moderate”, 10.10% “moderately good”, 4.9% “good” and 0.17% “very good”. In addition, the demonstration of the geophysical survey is presented, in which Purkal Youth Society Division (PYSD) site is categorized as a shallow aquifer zone and the Guru Nanak Fifth Centenary School (GNFCS) site is a deeper aquifer zone. Our study emphasizes remote sensing and geographic information system integrated with a geophysical survey to support prospecting the most probable area and confirm the existence of groundwater.     

深井电阻率所处井孔位置与地震关系的研究

对鲁南地区近几年发生的４级（ＭＬ）以上有感地震与深井电阻率所处井孔位置的关系进行了研究，进一步证明了“活断层—应力场效应”是存在的     

地面核磁共振信号相位求取电阻率

椭圆极化现象是电磁场在导电介质中传播时产生的,为得到准确的相位信息,在计算激发磁场时应考虑椭圆极化。本文研究了地面核磁共振(SNMR)信号相位求取电阻率的基本方法,利用SNMR信号通过广义逆反演法得到电阻率未知情况下的含水率及层位分布,作为相位反演电阻率的先验值,通过模拟退火法实现对电阻率的反演。对SNMR的研究解决了通过相位对电阻率的求取,有利于进一步利用相位信息提高含水层和含水率反演的精度。     

乌加河地震台地电阻率干扰形态识别

选取乌加河地震台2015-2018年地电阻率观测资料,分析数据异常变化,结合观测环境及实地调查,发现存在降雨、雷电、金属管线、农田灌溉、设备漏电等影响因素,对比分析并总结各类干扰曲线形态、变化幅度、影响时间、干扰频次等特征,以便正确认识并排除地电阻率干扰,为地震异常信息识别提供帮助。     

Subsoil zoning of Mexico City using qualitative relationships between soil strength and electrical resistivity

Summary The seismic events occurring on 19 and 20 September 1985, whose epicentre was located in the coastal region of Michoacan, Mexico, produced tremendous damage in Mexico City. As a result of these losses the civil authorities of the city decided to study and evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the subsoil. To achieve this, it was necessary to drill several boreholes to obtain needed geophysical and geotechnical information. The geophysical method of electrical resistivity was the most appropriate to the research. This method enabled us to understand the structure and soil characteristics of the Mexican Valley.