GPS短基线解算中两种后处理软件的比较

为了获得高精度的GPS检定场成位结果，为以后GPS仪器的检定提供高精度的已知点，应用两种成熟的GPS后处理软件对检定场观测数据进行解算，并对两种软件得出的结果进行了比对。获得的结论对相关研究及应用用户也有一定的借鉴作用。     

Quantifying Isotopic Heterogeneity of Candidate Reference Materials at the Picogram Sampling Scale

We propose a method for quantifying the in situ heterogeneity of solid materials at the picogram test portion scale, illustrating its use by investigating the oxygen isotope ratio (¹⁸O^?/¹⁶O^?) of four quartz samples. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry, we could estimate the intrinsic heterogeneity using a large number (~ 100) of closely spaced duplicated measurements. An analysis of variance was then applied to these large data sets to extract the measurement repeatability (typically 0.10–0.15‰, 1s) from the total variability, thereby revealing a variability ranging from 0.18‰ to 2.3‰, which can be attributed to the genuine isotope ratio heterogeneities. A small proportion of outlying values were either rejected manually after inspection, or were accommodated using robust statistics. We also evaluated two distinct approaches for estimating and correcting instrumental drift; the use of a sub‐area of the test material (if shown to have sufficiently low heterogeneity) is judged to be preferable to using a piece of unrelated silicate glass that we believe to be homogeneous. We also compared three approaches for estimating measurement repeatability, from which we show that the ‘duplicate method’ applied to the reference material is preferable to using other methods based either on the drift monitoring material or on assessing residuals of the drift monitoring material after drift correction. Finally, here we propose a strategy for predicting the number of measurements on individual fragments of a material that would be required to achieve a specified target uncertainty.     

方位角对斜路径对流层延迟的影响研究

针对4种不同气候条件的地区,分析不同高度角时方位角对斜路径对流层延迟的影响,进而提出一种对流层延迟水平梯度的精化方法。实验表明,该方法可更真实地反映对流层延迟在水平方向的非对称性,有效提高VLBI解算精度,基线可重复度提高约4%,天顶对流层延迟估计精度提高约15%。
     

动态映射函数对GPS基线解算质量的影响

介绍尼尔映射函数(NMF)、维也纳映射函数(VMF1)和全球映射函数(GMF)3种常用映射函数,讨论评估GPS基线质量的2个指标--基线重复性和平均值的标准偏差。根据中国境内IGS站的观测数据,基于GAMIT软件的数据处理结果,研究3种映射函数对GPS基线重复性和平均值标准偏差的影响。结果表明,在进行GPS基线处理时,动态映射函数的解算精度比经验映射函数要高,其中VMF1模型在解算基线重复性时结果更好,而GMF模型在计算平均值的标准偏差时效果更佳。     

GPS多路径重复性试验研究

信号衍射和多路径效应是限制GPS定位精度进一步提高的瓶颈,观测中两者往往同时存在。衍射效应具有不完全重复的特性,为了研究多路径重复性并使其不受信号衍射的影响,本文提出先应用SIGMA-Δ信噪比加权模型削弱信号衍射的影响,再运用改进恒星时滤波法分析多路径重复性。实验观测资料分析表明,SIGMA-Δ模型能有效削弱衍射信号对定位结果影响,并且保留主要的多路径信号;而改进恒星时滤波法能适应测站周围多路径环境的变化,从而最大限度地削减多路径误差。两者组合比传统的恒星时滤波更能有效提高GPS的动态定位精度。     

对流层映射函数对GPS基线解算质量的影响

介绍了对流层延迟映射函数的发展过程,分析了NMF模型、GMF模型和VMF1模型的特点,利用GAMIT软件使用实测数据比较了三种模型对基线解算质量的影响。     

Research on the Characteristics and Repeatability of Strong Earthquake Activity in Sichuan-Yunnan

According to the method for predicting strong earthquakes using seismicity patterns, this paper summarizes the seismicity anomalies, generally called anomalous seismicity patterns, as the basis for prediction based on some historical data in the Sichuan-Yunnan seismic zone. Using our results, it can be confirmed that these anomaly patterns, which reflect the features of the late stage of strong earthquake preparation process and stress release in the main shock rupture zone, did exist before many earthquake cases. This paper also introduced the characteristics of seismic repeatability and its validation result, and discussed the mechanism of repeatability, which will have an application value for strong earthquake tendency prediction.     

几种特征点提取算法的性能评估及改进

特征点提取技术一直是摄影测量和计算机视觉的研究热点。从兴趣算子的角度研究了几种主流特征点提取算法,通过大量的实验,从速度、精度、适应性方面,定量地比较和分析了各算法性能、优缺点和适应环境,针对特征点分布欠均匀的问题,提出改进措施,并取得了较理想的结果。     

辩证法原理对研究地下水抽水试验的指导作用

自然辩证法的科学性是指导科学研究和工程实践的重要依据,绝对不能被忽略,否则,就会出现混乱.只有遵守这一准则,才能为科学试验设计出合理的检验方法和检验指标,才能检查出试验过程中所存在的问题,才能推动科学技术沿着正确的轨道顺利地向前发展.地下水运动的抽水试验绝不能例外.根据辩证法原则和工程事例,对地下水的抽水试验进行了研究,不仅找到了抽水试验中存在的问题,而且验证了裘布衣模型的真实存在,得到了基于误差分析的参数K和R的准确计算结果.     

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