钼同位素比值的双稀释剂测定方法研究

本文报道了运用多接收器等离子体质谱测定Mo同位素组成的方法,测定过程中使用双稀释剂法校正仪器的质量分馏.Fisher-Mo标准溶液和双稀释剂的100Mo/97Mo使用Fisher-Pd标准溶液中的104pd/102pd标定,其他Mo同位素比值通过100Mo/97Mo标定;本文对运用双稀释剂技术进行Mo同位素测定的长期重...     

DLG型断层位移水平切向分量测量仪自动化标定

介绍了DLG型断层位移水平切向分量测量仪的自动化标定系统组成、标定原理和标定过程.给出了该标定系统在北京市丰台区大灰厂地震台的实际标定结果,该结果满足地壳形变观测仪技术标准的要求.     

在X模式单道成像与观测系统重复性关系下的多道观测系统重复性

时移地震中新提出的多道观测系统重复性,逐一应用于面元,可以给出每个面元单一的观测系统重复性,形成对应叠后成像的地震道重复性的面分布,对于评估时移地震重复性具有重要意义.前人研究抽象了多道间观测系统重复性与单道间观测系统重复性的关系,给出了多道观测系统重复性的衡量方法及其理论依据.其理论中依赖了地震数据重复性与单道观测系统重复性的线性关系模型,而这一关系在单道观测系统重复性的有限范围内较为准确.针对这一问题,本文提出了X模式拟合的关系模型,与全范围的单道地震数据重复性随观测系统重复性的变化趋势更好地吻合,并采用对大单道观测系统重复性的向X节点的收缩,使原多道观测系统重复性的相应关系在整个数据范围内基本成立.基于实际数据的研究表现了该方法的数据分析结果的新特性和应用价值.     

高精度GPS超短基线场数据处理与分析

随着全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)接收机、电子全站仪等测绘产品应用程度的提升,现代地理信息产业也不断发展壮大.基线检校场作为测绘仪器检定的重要标准之一,长期以来为社会各方面发展提供了重要的基础支撑.针对新建立的超短基线检校场,运用GAMIT/GLOBK软件进行了高精度数据处理.综合使用周边的国际GNSS服务站(IGS)站、陆态网(CMONOC)参考站,采用不同解算方案分别进行数据处理,并从标准均方根误差(NRMS)值、基线重复性、网平差后点位坐标稳健度等方面进行了对比分析.结果表明,本次超短基线场的建设符合规范和设计要求.对于类似的小范围测站网数据解算,采用分级两步法可以得到较高的解算精度,为超短基线场或者类似的区域测站网的高精度数据解算与分析提供了一些可借鉴的经验.     

基于数学统计法的海岸带溢油指纹鉴定研究：以大连石油污染事件为例

基于数学统计模式对溢油的指纹进行数字化识别对实现快速、准确进行溢油鉴别具有重要意义。介绍了重复性限法、聚类分析法和t检验法等多元统计分析方法进行溢油鉴别的方法、原理及鉴别原则;并以大连“七一六”输油管道爆炸事故为典型溢油案例,采用重复性限法对溢油鉴别常规诊断比值进行评价和筛选,并利用聚类分析法和t检验法对大连金沙滩和海贝广场附近出现的油污进行了污染源的有效鉴定。     

土壤天然热释光法在相山火山岩型铀矿床中的应用研究

土壤天然热释光法是一种能达到攻深找盲的方法,而且它的异常重复性很好.天然热释光法在火山岩铀矿床上的应用研究表明,矿体上方异常较大,无矿区域异常较小,矿体的分布范围与高值异常范围一致.同时,在一些构造薄弱带或者裂隙、断层处出现大的异常,该方法可以为评价火山岩铀资源提供线索.     

因瓦水准标尺尺长改正检定方法的对比研究

目前国内外新旧水准标尺检定装置并存,有传统的特定分划检定和采用自动化装置的全尺分划检定两种方法。为比较两种方法的差异,用配对样本t检验法对两种方法测量结果的一致性进行检验,对复现性条件下测量结果的可接受性进行评价,并对全尺分划检定进行重复性试验。结果表明,全尺分划检定与分米分划检定的结果无显著性差异|同一种检定方法的重复性误差与两种检定方法的互差为同一数量级。     

不同埋深地温探头的观测效应及异常机制的初步研究

就昌平站2个不同埋深地温探头对2002年10月20内蒙ML5．8级地震和2002年12月25日河北宁晋ML4．3级地震的重复性滞后效应进行了研究,探讨了地震发生前后地温机制问题。地温是标量,从某些方面能反映地应力的变化,它是地应力变化的指示参量。地温前兆异常变化和地震的时、空、强有一定关系。深入研究其关系及其机制,对突破短临预报有促进作用。     

Intercalibration of benthic flux chambers I. Accuracy of flux measurements and influence of chamber hydrodynamics

The hydrodynamic properties and the capability to measure sediment-water solute fluxes, at assumed steady state conditions, were compared for three radically different benthic chamber designs: the “Microcosm”, the “Mississippi” and the “Göteborg” chambers. The hydrodynamic properties were characterized by mounting a PVC bottom in each chamber and measuring mixing time, diffusive boundary layer thickness (DBL thickness) shear velocity (u∗), and total pressure created by the water mixing. The Microcosm had the most even distribution of DBL thickness and u∗, but the highest differential pressure at high water mixing rates. The Mississippi chamber had low differential pressures at high u∗. The Göteborg chamber was in between the two others regarding these properties. DBL thickness and u∗ were found to correlate according to the following empirical formula: DBL=76.18(u∗)−0.933. Multiple flux incubations with replicates of each of the chamber types were carried out on homogenized, macrofauna-free sediments in four tanks. The degree of homogeneity was determined by calculating solute fluxes (of oxygen, silicate, phosphate and ammonium) from porewater profiles and by sampling for porosity, organic carbon and meiofauna. All these results, except meiofauna, indicated that there were no significant horizontal variations within the sediment in any of the parallel incubation experiments. The statistical evaluations also suggested that the occasional variations in meiofauna abundance did not have any influence on the measured solute fluxes. Forty-three microelectrode profiles of oxygen in the DBL and porewater were evaluated with four different procedures to calculate diffusive fluxes. The procedure presented by Berg, Risgaard-Petersen and Rysgaard, 1989 [Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 1500] was found to be superior because of its ability to fit measured profiles accurately, and because it takes into consideration vertical zonation with different oxygen consumption rates in the sediment. During the flux incubations, the mixing in the chambers was replicated ranging from slow mixing to just noticeable sediment resuspension. In the “hydrodynamic characterizations” these mixing rates corresponded to average DBL thickness from 120 to 550 μm, to u∗ from 0.12 to 0.68 cm/s, and to differential pressures from 0-3 Pa. Although not directly transferable, since the incubations were done on a “real” sediment with a rougher surface while in the characterizations a PVC plate simulated the sediments surface, these data give ideas about the prevailing hydrodynamic condition in the chambers during the incubations. The variations in water mixing did not generate statistically significant differences between the chamber types for any of the measured fluxes of oxygen or nutrients. Consequently it can be concluded that, for these non-permeable sediments and so long as appropriate water mixing (within the ranges given above) is maintained, the type of stirring mechanism and chamber design used were not critical for the magnitude of the measured fluxes. The average measured oxygen flux was 11.2 ± 2.7 (from 40 incubations), while the diffusive flux calculated (from 43 profiles using the Berg et al., 1989 [Limnol. Oceanogr. 43, 1500] procedure) was 11.1 ± 3.0 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹. This strongly suggests that accurate oxygen flux measurements were obtained with the three types of benthic chambers used and that the oxygen uptake is diffusive.     

GPS导航的技术改进

在完善ＧＰＳ导航方式的过程中，引入重要目标点的概念，并以此为思想指导，修改原导航程序，使之多个目标点明确、直观地显示于驾驶台及船上各实验室的计算机显示屏幕上。从而提高船舶停靠站位的精度，并使船舶停靠原站位具可重复性。这样，满足了海上地质勘测和石油化探中多点间歇采样的需要，同时，亦提高了工作效率并有利于船舶航行安全。